Historical aspects, general economic logic and theoretical discussions around military Keynesianism as a policy of stimulating the economy through increased government allocations for defense items are considered. A brief overview of empirical studies on the economic results of military spending is presented. In relation to the period 2022—2024 in the Russian economy, the size of the fiscal impulse due to defense budget items, its positive and negative effects are analyzed. The secondary nature and low controllability of economic effects of defense policy are emphasized. Among the factors hindering the success of military Keynesianism in modern Russia, limited spare capacity and labor are noted, which generate inflationary consequences, as well as the contradiction between tightening monetary conditions and continued fiscal stimulus. The conclusion is made about the predominance and possible aggravation of negative consequences of the expansion of financing through military spending

The recent departure of international brands from the Russian markets is unprecedentedly; its consequences require thoroughly study, especially in the context of consumer behavior towards non-original goods. This paper analyzes the dynamics of counterfeit purchases in Russia in 2021—2023 and socio-economic factors that explain the purchase of fakes, given that the latter differ from standard economic goods with high symbolic value. Quantitative data representing the Russian Internet audience aged 18 years and older is used. Three waves of the online survey were conducted: in 2021 (N = 4978 people), 2022 (N = 6000 people) and 2023 (N = 6000 people). According to the results, the purchase of counterfeits is a widespread phenomenon in Russia. Russians purchase non-original goods mostly unintentionally, although in the last two years of the survey there have been structural shifts towards their knowingly buying. With the help of multinomial regression, factors for purchasing counterfeits were revealed. The availability of counterfeits on the Internet and the financial limitations of Russian households contribute to expanding the audience of consumers of non-original goods, whereas a focus on high quality when choosing goods reduces the number of buyers of counterfeits. The role of well-known brands in the consumption of counterfeit products remains ambivalent

Based on the sample of publications in federal business periodicals for the period from 2000 to 2024, the article examines the specifics of explanatory models used in the information discourse and applied in the press for the essential characteristics of economic processes. Content analysis and discourse analysis show that the explanatory models used in the media are fully consistent with the path dependence effect, that is, they record the dependence of current and future development on past experience, and also appeal to this experience regardless of its correspondence to the real state of economic picture. The article outlines the prospects for using explanatory models in the information discourse, including the inertia of using outdated economic approaches, the coexistence of conflicting stereotypes, as well as the strengthening of semantic empty constructions that record only the external form of the explanatory model without relevant empirical subject. A conclusion is made about the strengthening of the path dependence effect in explanatory models of the media, and, consequently, about the increasing subjectivity in the presentation of economic information

The paper examines the impact of physical and transitional climate risks, which to some extend shape the geopolitical situation in the world, on Russian exports. The gravity model of international trade was employed to model the existing relationship. Estimation of the gravity equation by means of the Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) method using data on Russian export flows to 72 countries over the period 2010—2021 revealed that climate change and the ambitions of trading partner states towards low-carbon development determine the dynamics of Russian exports. In particular, national physical climate risks have a detrimental impact on Russia’s exports due to the destruction of infrastructure, loss of capital, reduced quality and availability of natural resources, and increased social tensions. Extreme climatic events and climate change measures in trading partner countries spur the development of Russian exports. Namely, physical climate risks of importing countries may increase the demand for key Russian goods for economic recovery purposes. Changes during the transition to a low-carbon economy in trading partner countries also generate opportunities for Russian export growth due to the country’s role as a major supplier of energy and mineral products, as well as technologies for the alternative energy production and electrification of transport

This paper provides a quantitative assessment of the impact of losses on specific aspects of food security and environmental sustainability. The lack of full information on the benefits of food loss reduction destimulates developing appropriate effective measures at the public level and in the private sector. The study covers losses generated at the initial stages of the food supply chain, including agricultural production and primary processing. Methodological assessments are based on works of foreign authors, recommendations of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and domestic methodological developments in this area. The results indicate that at the primary stages of the food supply chain, food losses generate a relatively small amount of greenhouse gas emissions, so their reduction in order to lower the carbon footprint is not as effective as at the stage of retail and household consumption. However, preventing losses in agriculture contributes to the creation of additional volumes of food, which can be directed to the consumption of vulnerable groups of population. At the same time, the consequences of loss reduction vary greatly depending on the type of product

The paper deals with the analysis of economic performance and economic policy of the USSR at the stage of “developed socialism”, fundamentals and characteristics of the Soviet economic model and mechanisms of its emerging crisis. Special attention is paid to the developed socialism phenomenon of Dutch disease and its influence on economic and political trends. Analysis has been done through the prism of the experience of the last 50 years of Russian economic development. Conclusions are drawn about the lessons learned by modern Russia from the experience of the 1970s.

The history of economic thought knows a few of heated methodological controversies (Methodenstreit), the most famous of which was a “battle” at the end of the 19th century between Austrian and New historical schools on proper methods of social sciences. Later at the turn of the 1930—1940s a dispute arose between J. M. Keynes, on the one hand, and Keynesians (J. Tinbergen, O. Lange, J. Marshak, etc.), on the other hand, who radically diverged in assessing prospects of a new subdiscipline — econometrics. In the literature, this episode is known as the “Keynes—Tinbergen debate”, since the discussion was centered on the study by J. Tinbergen “Statistical testing of business cycle theories” (1939), where one of the first large econometric models was offered, the parameters of which were estimated using the method of multiple correlation. Keynes sharply criticized Tinbergen’s approach (and more broadly, the whole econometrics). For a long time, Keynesians unequivocally recognized Keynes as the losing party, whom they accused of technical incompetence. However, the subsequent development of econometrics turned out to be largely focused precisely on the problems raised by Keynes.

The history of time use research dates back more than 100 years. Russian scientists were among the first to conduct large-scale surveys in this field. Nowadays, this sphere has become interesting among scientists again. Rosstat has rebegun to conduct surveys on the daily time use, large-scale independent surveys have appeared, and media have increased their interest. The amount of empirical microdata that has emerged has made it possible to examine a complex concept as the household time use in ever more numbers. The purpose of this methodological overview is to describe the most significant mathematical models that have been used and are being used to study the time budgets of the population. This article overviews the first models in which time was considered as one of the means of production along with other goods, and households tried to maximize the utility function solely based on financial considerations. Then, modern models, where time is no less an important factor of well-being than material status, are represented. The article demonstrates how the new model classes that have recently emerged adapt to the data that is accessible in certain circumstances, modify themselves to accomplish fresh tasks, and become less costly when looking at analytical estimations. In order to categorize the population’s time budget structure under different research activities, the paper examines and systemsatizes a number of mathematical models