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Технологический прогресс - пожиратель рабочих мест?
Аннотация
Анализ идеи технологической безработицы показывает, что на уровне отдельных фирм связь между инновациями и занятостью практически всегда является положительной, на секторальном уровне она оказывается неоднозначной, на макроуровне технологический прогресс выступает либо как положительный, либо как нейтральный фактор. Таким образом, широко распространенные опасения относительно резкого скачка безработицы под действием технологических факторов не имеют достаточных оснований. Анализ свидетельствует также, что новые технологии гораздо сильнее влияют на структуру занятости, чем на ее уровень, при этом меняется не столько распределение работников по профессиональным группам, сколько набор задач, решаемых в рамках каждой профессии.
Ключевые слова
технологический прогресс,
спрос на труд,
теория компенсации,
технологическая безработица,
компьютеризация,
роботизация,
структура занятости
JEL: E24; J20; J23; J24; O30
Об авторе
Р. И. Капелюшников
Национальный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных отношений (ИМЭМО) имени Е. М. Примакова РАН; Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»
Россия
член-корр. РАН, д. э. н., гл. н. с. Национального исследовательского института мировой экономики и международных отношений (ИМЭМО) имени Е. М. Примакова РАН (Москва), замдиректора Центра трудовых исследований (ЦеТИ) Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» (Москва)
Россия
член-корр. РАН, д. э. н., гл. н. с. Национального исследовательского института мировой экономики и международных отношений (ИМЭМО) имени Е. М. Примакова РАН (Москва), замдиректора Центра трудовых исследований (ЦеТИ) Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» (Москва)
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Рецензия
Для цитирования:
Капелюшников Р.И. Технологический прогресс - пожиратель рабочих мест? Вопросы экономики. 2017;(11):111-140. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2017-11-111-140
For citation:
Kapeliushnikov R. Is technological change a devourer of jobs? Voprosy Ekonomiki. 2017;(11):111-140. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2017-11-111-140
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