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Отдача от некогнитивных характеристик на российском рынке труда
Аннотация
На протяжении долгого времени в экономической литературе интеллектуальные способности индивида считались основным фактором его успехов на рынке труда. Однако наличие существенной зарплатной разницы между индивидами после контроля на традиционные компоненты человеческого капитала, а также ряд других важных социальных явлений, не получивших объяснения, привели к поиску альтернативных объяснений разных успехов индивидов на рынке труда. Одним из таких объяснений могут быть некогнитивные характеристики — сравнительно устойчивая манера думать, чувствовать и вести себя в определенных обстоятельствах. Получившая развитие в ряде стран, для России тема некогнитивных характеристик пока во многом остается неисследованной. В данной работе представлена одна из первых оценок существующей связи между некогнитивными характеристиками в различных социально-демографических и профессиональных группах и их успешностью на рынке труда. Результаты показывают наличие связи между некогнитивными навыками, вероятностью занятости и величиной доходов для всех социодемографических и профессиональных групп. Наиболее стабильными с точки зрения влияния на заработную плату оказались категории открытости и невротизма. Кроме того, измеряемый эффект от характеристик личности сопоставим с эффектом от традиционных компонент человеческого капитала, например образования.
Об авторе
К. В. Рожкова
Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»
Россия
Россия
Рожкова Ксения Викторовна, стажер-исследователь лаборатории исследований рынка труда факультета экономических наук НИУ ВШЭ
Москва
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При поддержке: Статья подготовлена в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ.
Для цитирования:
Рожкова К.В. Отдача от некогнитивных характеристик на российском рынке труда. Вопросы экономики. 2019;(11):81-107. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2019-11-81-107
For citation:
Rozhkova K.V. The return to noncognitive characteristics in the Russian labor market. Voprosy Ekonomiki. 2019;(11):81-107. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2019-11-81-107
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