Купить
Открытый доступ
Только для подписчиков
Почему арабский мир оказался на пороге революции? Школьное образование, экономические возможности и «арабская весна»
Аннотация
Какие долгосрочные условия сыграли важную роль в наступлении так называемой «арабской весны»? За последние десятилетия арабский мир характеризовался бурным развитием школьного образования в сочетании с неблагоприятными условиями на рынке труда. Особенно отчетливо такая ситуация проявилась в странах, где в первый год «арабской весны» произошли существенные изменения. В статье утверждается, что отсутствие адекватных экономических возможностей для более образованного населения может стать важным фактором при изучении эпизодов политической нестабильности, например «арабской весны».
Об авторах
Ф. Кампанте
Гарвардский университет (Кэмбридж, США)
Россия
проф. Гарвардского университета (Кэмбридж, США)
Россия
проф. Гарвардского университета (Кэмбридж, США)
Д. Чор
Сингапурский университет управления (Сингапур)
Россия
проф. Сингапурского университета управления (Сингапур)
Россия
проф. Сингапурского университета управления (Сингапур)
Список литературы
1. Acemoglu D., Robinson J. (2001). A Theory of Political Transitions // American Economic Review. Vol. 91, No 4. P. 938—963.
2. Acemoglu D., Robinson J. (2005). Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
3. Acemoglu D., Johnson S., Robinson J., Yared P. (2008). Income and Democracy // American Economic Review. Vol. 98, No 3. P. 808—842.
4. Acemoglu D., Johnson S., Robinson J., Yared P. (2009). Reevaluating the Modernization Hypothesis // Journal of Monetary Economics. Vol. 56, No 8. P. 1043—1058.
5. Algan Y., Cahuc P., Shleifer A. (2011). Teaching Practices and Social Capital. www. economics.harvard.edu/faculty/shleifer/files/teaching_practices_oct2011.pdf.
6. Ammous S., Phelps E. (2011). Tunisians Set Off on the Road from Serfdom // Financial Times. January 24.
7. Barro R. (1999). Determinants of Democracy // Journal of Political Economy. Vol. 107, No S6. P. 158—183.
8. Barro R., Lee J. (2010). A New Data Set of Educational Attainment in the World, 1950—2010 // NBER Working Paper. No 15902.
9. Bе nabou R. (2000). Unequal Societies: Income Distribution and the Social Contract // American Economic Review. Vol. 90, No 1. P. 96—129
10. . Berinsky A., Lenz G. (2011). Education and Political Participation: Uncovering the Causal Link // Political Behavior. Vol. 33, No 3. P. 357—373.
11. Besley T., Persson T. (2011). The Logic of Political Violence // Quarterly Journal of Economics. Vol. 126, No 3. Р. 1411—1445.
12. Bobba M., Coviello D. (2007). Weak Instruments and Weak Identification in Estimating the Effects of Education on Democracy // Economic Letters. Vol. 96, No 3. P. 301—307.
13. Brady H., Verba S., Schlozman K. (1995). Beyond SES: A Resource Model of Political Participation // American Political Science Review. Vol. 89, No 2. P. 271—294.
14. Brückner M., Ciccone A. (2011). Rain and the Democratic Window of Opportunity // Econometrica. Vol. 79, No 3. P. 923—947.
15. Campante F., Chor D. (2011). ‘The People Want the Fall of the Regime’: Schooling, Political Protest and the Economy // HKS Faculty Research Working Paper. No RWP11-018.
16. Campante F., Chor D. (2012). Schooling, Political Participation, and the Economy // Review of Economics and Statistics. Vol. 94, No 4. P. 841—859.
17. Cassidy J. (2011). Prophet Motive // The New Yorker. February 28.
18. Charles K., Stephens М. (2011). Employment, Wages, and Voter Turnout // NBER Working Paper. No 17270.
19. Clemens M., Montenegro С., Pritchett L. (2009). The Place Premium: Wage Differences for Identical Workers across the US Border // HKS Faculty Research Working Paper. No RWP09-004.
20. Collier P., Hoeffler A. (2004). Greed and Grievance in Civil War // Oxford Economic Papers. Vol. 56, No 4. P. 563—595.
21. Courbage Y., Todd E. (2007). Le Rendez-vous des Civilisations. Paris: Seuil.
22. Daun H., Arjmand R. (2002). Arab Countries: Oil Boom, Religious Revival and Non- Reform // Educational Restructuring in the Context of Globalization and National Policy / H. Daun (ed.). P. 205—225. L.: Routledge.
23. Davies J. (1962). Toward a Theory of Revolution // American Sociological Review. Vol. 27, No 1. P. 5—19.
24. Dee T. (2004). Are There Civic Returns to Education? // Journal of Public Economics. Vol. 88, No 9—10. P. 1697—1720.
25. Dewey J. (1916). Democracy and Education. N. Y.: The Macmillan Company.
26. Eichengreen B. (2011). Why Egypt Should Worry China // Project Syndicate. February 8.
27. Fahim K. (2011). Slap to Man’s Pride Set Off Tumult in Tunisia // New York Times. January 21.
28. Freeman R. (2004). What, Me Vote? // Social Inequality / K. Neckerman (ed.). N. Y.: Sage. P. 703—728.
29. Friedman W., Kremer M., Miguel E., Thornton R. (2011). Education as Liberation? // NBER Working Paper. No 16939.
30. Glaeser E., La Porta R., Lopez-de-Silanes F., Shleifer A. (2004). Do Institutions Cause Growth? // Journal of Economic Growth. Vol. 9, No 3. P. 271—303.
31. Glaeser E., Ponzetto G., Shleifer A. (2007). Why Does Democracy Need Education? // Journal of Economic Growth. Vol. 12, No 2. P. 77—99.
32. Grossman H. (1991). A General Equilibrium Model of Insurrection // American Economic Review. Vol. 81, No 4. P. 912—921.
33. Hillygus D. (2005). The Missing Link: Exploring the Relationship between Higher Education and Political Engagement // Political Behavior. Vol. 27, No 1. P. 25—47.
34. Huntington S. (1968). Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
35. IRI (2011). Egyptian Public Opinion Survey / International Republican Institute. April 14—27. www.iri.org/sites/default/files/2011%20June%205%20Survey%20of%20 Egyptian%20Public%20Opinion,%20April%2014-27,%202011_0.pdf.
36. Jacobs A. (2010). China’s Army of Graduates Struggles for Jobs // New York Times. December 11.
37. Kam C., Palmer C. (2008). Reconsidering the Effects of Education on Political Participation // Journal of Politics. Vol. 70, No 3. P. 612—631.
38. Lipset S. (1959). Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy // American Political Science Review. Vol. 53, No 1. P. 69—105.
39. Lipset S. (1960). Political Man: The Social Basis of Modern Politics. N. Y.: Doubleday.
40. Marshall M., Jaggers K. (2011). Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 1800—2010 / Polity IV Project. University of Maryland. www.systemicpeace.org/ polity/polity4.htm.
41. Milligan K., Moretti E., Oreopoulos P. (2004). Does Education Improve Citizenship? Evidence from the United States and the United Kingdom // Journal of Public Economics. Vol. 88, No 9—10. P. 1667—1695.
42. Moral-Benito E., Bartolucci C. (2011). Income and Democracy: Revisiting the Evidence // Banco de Espaсa Working Paper. No 1115.
43. Noland M., Pack H. (2007). The Arab Economies in a Changing World. Washington, DC: Peterson Institute.
44. Opp K. (1988). Grievances and Participation in Social Movements // American Sociological Review. Vol. 53, No 6. P. 853—864.
45. Pande R. (2011). Can Informed Voters Enforce Better Governance? Experiments in Low-Income Democracies // Annual Review of Economics. Vol. 3. P. 215—237.
46. Przeworski A., Alvarez M., Cheibub J., Limongi F. (2000). Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-Being in the World, 1950—1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
47. Przeworski A., Limongi F. (1997). Modernization: Theories and Facts // World Politics. Vol. 49, No 2. P. 155—183.
48. Putnam R. (1995a). Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital // Journal of Democracy. Vol. 6, No 1. P. 65—78.
49. Putnam R. (1995b). Tuning In, Tuning Out: The Strange Disappearance of Social Capital in America // PS: Political Science & Politics. Vol. 28, No 4. P. 664—683.
50. Rosenstone S., Hansen J. (1993). Mobilization, Participation and Democracy in America. N. Y.: MacMillan.
51. Schlozman K. (2002). Citizen Participation in America: What Do We Know? Why Do We Care? // The State of the Discipline / I. Katznelson, H. Milner (eds.) N. Y.: W. W. Norton.
52. Sondheimer R., Green D. (2010). Using Experiments to Estimate the Effects of Education on Voter Turnout // American Journal of Political Science. Vol. 54, No 1. P. 174—189.
53. Tenn S. (2007). The Effect of Education on Voter Turnout // Political Analysis. Vol. 15, No 4. P. 446—464.
54. The Economist (2011a). The Shoe-Thrower’s Index: Where Is the Next Upheaval? February 10.
55. The Economist (2011b). The Economics of the Arab Spring: Open for Business? June 23.
56. The Economist (2011c). The Arab Awakening: Revolution Spinning in the Wind. July 14.
57. Urdal H. (2006). A Clash of Generations? Youth Bulges and Political Violence // International Studies Quarterly. Vol. 50, No 3, P. 607—629.
58. Verba S., Nie N. (1987). Participation in America: Political Democracy and Social Equality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
59. Verba S., Nie N., Kim J. (1987). Participation and Political Equality: A Seven-Nation Comparison. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
60. Verba S., Schlozman K., Brady H. (1995). Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
61. World Bank (2011). Doing Business in the Arab World. Washington, DC.
Для цитирования:
Кампанте Ф., Чор Д. Почему арабский мир оказался на пороге революции? Школьное образование, экономические возможности и «арабская весна». Вопросы экономики. 2013;(2):73-93. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2013-2-73-93
For citation:
Campante F., Chor D. Why Was the Arab World Poised for Revolution? Schooling, Opportunities, and the Arab Spring. Voprosy Ekonomiki. 2013;(2):73-93. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2013-2-73-93
Просмотров: 68
Послать статью по эл. почте 