|Generate QR code
Open Access
Subscription Access
Tax and foreign exchange factors of inequality (To posing a problem)
https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2023-1-146-159
Abstract
The high level of income inequality of the population is a long-term problem in the world. The pandemic of 2020 and the growth of geopolitical tensions in 2022 increase the urgency of finding its solution. Inequality is a multifaceted phenomenon determined by various factors — from differences in the structure of economies to the specifics of the mentality and traditions of a particular state. As a result, there are no unified approaches to reducing inequality. This article analyzes the relationship of income inequality in Russia with the parametersof fiscal policy and the ruble exchange rate at different stages of economic development. It is shown that in certain periods taxes are connected differentlywith income inequality of the population in Russia. The important role of social spending in its reducing is shown; such dependence may be explained by the ruble exchange rate and its linkages with the budget policy. The article is setting stage for further analysis of the problem.
About the Authors
A. S. Tanasova
Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Anna S. Tanasova
Moscow
E. Y. Sokolova
Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Elena Y. Sokolova
Moscow
I. G. Shandra
Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Igor G. Shandra
Moscow
A. V. Chigireva
Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Alina V. Chigireva
Moscow
References
1. Aganbegyan A. G. (2018). Finance, budget and banks in new Russia. Moscow: Delo. (In Russian).
2. Veselov D. A., Yarkin A. M. (2022). Institutional changes, inequality and long-run economic development: Theory and empirics. Voprosy Ekonomiki, No. 1, pp. 47—71. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2022-1-47-71
3. Goryunov E., Kotlikoff L., Sinelnikov-Murylev S. (2015). Fiscal gap: An estimatefor Russia. Voprosy Ekonomiki, No. 7, pp. 5—25. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2015-7-5-25
4. Grigoryev L. M., Pavlyushina V. A. (2018a). Inter-country inequality as a dynamic process and the problem of post-industrial development. Voprosy Ekonomiki, No. 7, pp. 5—29. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2018-7-5-29
5. Grigoryev L. M., Pavlyushina V. A. (2018b). Social inequality in the world: Trends during 2000—2016. Voprosy Ekonomiki, No. 10, pp. 29—52. (In Russian).] https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2018-10-29-52
6. Drozdov O. A. (2020). Economic inequality in Russia and the perspectives of its reduction. Scientific Works оf the Free Economic Society of Russia, Vol. 224, pp. 324—341. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.38197/2072-2060-2020-224-4-324-341
7. Ershov M. V. (2005). Russian economic sovereignty in the global economy. Moscow: Ekonomika. (In Russian).
8. Ershov M. (2016). On the mechanisms of growth of the Russian economy under conditions of worsening financial problems in the world. Voprosy Ekonomiki, No. 12, pp. 5—25. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2016-12-5-25
9. Ershov M. V., Tanasova A. S., Sokolova E. Y., Tskhovrebov M. P. (2021). On some aspects of the foreign exchange influence on socio-economic tendencies. Social Sciences and Contemporary World, No. 5, pp. 7—17. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.31857/S086904990017290-1
10. IEF RAS, Shirov A. A. (ed.) (2021). Social policy of Russia: Problems and solutions. A scientific report. Moscow: Artik Print. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.47711/sr1-2021
11. Kapeliushnikov R. I. (2019). Is economic inequality a universal evil? Voprosy Ekonomiki, No. 4, рр. 91—106. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2019-4-91-106
12. Kapeliushnikov R. I. (2020). Piketty’s team on inequality in Russia: A collection of statistical artifacts. Voprosy Ekonomiki, No. 4, рр. 67—106. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2020-4-67-106
13. Kartaev P. S., Klachkova O. A., Lukianova A. S. (2020). How does inflation influence income inequality in Russia? Voprosy Ekonomiki, No. 4, pp. 54—66. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2020-4-54-66
14. Kubishin E. S., Sedlov A. P., Soboleva I. V. (2021). Poverty in Russia: Measurement methodology and international comparisons. Vestnik Instituta Ekonomiki Rossiyskoy Akademii Nauk, No. 1, pp. 56—70. (In Russian).
15. Leukhin R. S., Suslina A. L. (2017). Labour taxes progressivity in Russia: Ways to reform personal income tax. Financial Journal, No. 6, pp. 50—63. (In Russian).
16. Popov V. (2021). Why social inequality will destroy the planet. Nezavisimaya Gazeta, May 17. (In Russian). https://www.ng.ru/kartblansh/2021-05-17/3_8149_kartblansh.html
17. Radchenko M. V., Boldyreva L. V., Kituykova D. S. (2017). Fiscal methods of leveling social inequalities: Characteristics and the analysis of implementation. State and Municipal Administration Scientific Notes, No. 4, pp. 97—102. (In Russian).
18. Tskhovrebov M. P. (2021). On increasing the degree of progressiveness of the income tax in Russia. Menedzhment i Biznes-Administrirovanie, No. 3, pp. 74—82. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.33983/2075-1826-2021-3-74-82
19. Arulampalam W., Devereux M., Maffini G. (2010). The direct incidence of corporate income tax on wages. IZA Discussion Paper, No. 5293. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1704266
20. Auerbach A. (2006). Who bears the corporate tax? A review of what we know. Tax Policy and the Economy, Vol. 20, pp. 1—40. https://doi.org/10.1086/tpe.20.20061903
21. Bourguignon F. (2018). Spreading the wealth. Finance & Development, Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 22—24. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484359440.022
22. Credit Suisse (2021). The global wealth report 2021. Credit Suisse Research Institute. BIS (2021). Annual economic report, June. Bank for International Settlements. Higgins M., Williamson J. G. (1999). Explaining inequality the world round: Cohort size, Kuznets curves and openness. NBER Working Paper, No. 7224. https://doi.org/10.3386/w7224
23. ILO (2021). ILO monitor: COVID-19 and the world of work, Seventh edition. Updated estimates and analysis, January 25. International Labour Organization.
24. Joumard I., Pisu M., Bloch D. (2012). Tackling income inequality: The role of taxes and transfers. OECD Journal: Economic Studies, Vol. 2012, No. 1, pp. 37—70. https://doi.org/10.1787/eco_studies-2012-5k95xd6l65lt
25. Kuznets S. (1955). Economic growth and income inequality. American Economic Review, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 1—28.
26. Luebker M. (2011). The impact of taxes and transfers on inequality. TRAVAIL Policy Brief, No. 4, International Labour Office.
27. Nallareddy S., Rouen E., Suárez Serrato J. C. (2018). Do corporate tax cuts increase income inequality? NBER Working Paper, No. 24598. https://doi.org/10.3386/w24598
28. Novokmet F., Piketty T., Zucman G. (2017). From Soviets to oligarchs: Inequality and property in Russia 1905—2016. WID.world Working Paper, No. 2017/09, World Inequality Lab.
29. Oxfam (2021). The inequality virus: Bringing together a world torn apart by coronavirus through a fair, just and sustainable economy. Oxfam Briefing Paper, January. https://doi.org/10.21201/2021.6409
30. Paulus A., Sutherland H., Tsakloglou P. (2009). The distributional impact of in kind public benefits in European countries. EUROMOD Working Paper, No. EM10/09, University of Essex, Institute for Social and Economic Research.
31. Piketty T. (2014). Capital in the 21st century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
32. Pisu M. (2012). Less income inequality and more growth — Are they compatible? Part 5:
33. Poverty in the OECD. OECD Economics Department Working Paper, No. 928.
34. Powell J. A. (2014). Six policies to reduce economic inequality. Othering & Belonging Institute Blog, September 10. https://belonging.berkeley.edu/six-policies-reduce-economic-inequality
35. Rubolino E., Waldenström D. (2019). Trends and gradients in top tax elasticities: Crosscountry evidence, 1900—2014. International Tax and Public Finance, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 457—485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-018-9524-1
36. UNCTAD (2021). Trade and Development Report 2021. From recovery to resilience: The development dimension. Geneva: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. https://doi.org/10.18356/9789210010276
37. UNDP (2015). Human development report 2015: Work for human development. New York: United Nations Development Programme.
38. World Economic Forum (2022). Jobs of tomorrow: The triple returns of social jobs in the economic recovery. White Paper, May. Geneva.
Review
For citations:
Tanasova A.S., Sokolova E.Y., Shandra I.G., Chigireva A.V. Tax and foreign exchange factors of inequality (To posing a problem). Voprosy Ekonomiki. 2023;(1):146-159. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2023-1-146-159
Views:
719
Email this article 
