voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2015-7-87-119voprecotest-96Research ArticleЭКОНОМИКА ТРУДА И СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЫLABOR AND SOCIAL ECONOMICSПоляризация или улучшение? Эволюция структуры рабочих мест в России в 2000-е годыPolarization or upgrading? Evolution of Employment in Transitional RussiaГимпельсонВ. Е.GimpelsonV.

к. э. н., директор Центра трудовых исследований НИУ ВШЭ (Москва)

vladim@hse.ruКапелюшниковР. И.KapeliushnikovR.

д. э. н., главный научный сотрудник ИМЭМО РАН (Москва), замдиректора Центра трудовых исследований НИУ ВШЭ

rostis@hse.ruНИУ ВШЭ (Москва)РоссияNational Research University Higher School of Economics (Moscow, Russia)Russian FederationИМЭМО РАН (Москва); НИУ ВШЭРоссияNational Research University Higher School of Economics (Moscow, Russia); Institute of World Economy and International Relations, RAS (Moscow, Russia)Russian Federation2015200720150787119Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20152015Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/96

В работе обсуждаются структурные изменения занятости в российской экономике за 2000-2012 гг. и исследуются сценарии эволюции структуры рабочих мест. Один сценарий предполагает последовательное улучшение качества рабочих мест, другой - их поляризацию. Рабочие места в данной работе понимаются как профессионально-отраслевые ячейки, а их качество измеряется относительными заработками и уровнем образования. Используя детальные данные нескольких взаимодополняющих обследований, мы ранжируем все рабочие места по критериям качества и разбиваем полученные распределения на пять квинтилей. На следующем этапе изучаем изменения качества рабочих мест и социально-демографических характеристик работников, относящихся к разным квинтилям. Полученные выводы подтверждают гипотезу о последовательном улучшении структуры рабочих мест и отвергают гипотезу о ее поляризации.

This paper discusses the structural change in the Russian employment and explores whether the evolution of employment in 2000-2012 followed the scenario of progressive upgrading in job quality or brought about the polarization of jobs in terms of their quality. Jobs are defined here as occupation-industry cells and their quality is measured through relative earnings and education levels. Using detailed micro-data from a few complementary large scale surveys, we rank all jobs according to the earnings and educational criteria and divide these distributions into 5 quintiles. At the next stage, we explore dynamic changes in job quality and socio-demographic characteristics of workers in different quintiles. The paper rejects the polarization scenario and confirms the upgrading hypothesis.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.