voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2009-1-68-83voprecotest-827Research ArticleВОПРОСЫ ТЕОРИИISSUES OF THEORYНовая теория международной торговли и новая экономическая география (Нобелевская премия по экономике 2008 года)New Theory of International Trade and New Economic Geography (Nobel Prize in Economics 2008)ВолчковаН.VolchkovaN.

профессор РЭШ, старший научный сотрудник ЦЭФИР

Российская экономическая школа (РЭШ); Центр экономических и финансовых исследований и разработок (ЦЭФИР)РоссияNew Economic School (NES); Centre for Economic and Financial Research (CEFIR)Russian Federation200920012009016883Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20092009Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/827

В статье представлен обзор работ Пола Кругмана, за которые он был удостоен Нобелевской премии по экономике 2008 года. В этих работах была заложена основа двух направлений экономической теории — новой теории международной торговли и новой экономической географии. В статье показано, как предположение о возрастающей отдаче от масштаба на уровне фирмы и модель монополистической конкуренции, заимствованные Кругманом из теории отраслевых рынков, принципиальным образом изменили выводы стандартных моделей и обогатили наше понимание как международной торговли, так и принципов пространственного размещения экономической деятельности.

The paper reviews Paul Krugman’s contributions that earned him Nobel Prize in Economics of 2008 and grounded two fields of economic theory — new theory of international trade and new economic geography. The paper shows how the assumption of internal increasing returns to scale and monopolistic competition borrowed by Krugman from the industrial organization theory changed the conclusions of standard models and enriched our understanding of international trade and spatial distribution of economic activity.

возрастающая экономия от масштабамонополистическая конкуренцияновая теория международной торговлиновая экономическая географияКругманНобелевская премия по экономикеincreasing returns to scalemonopolistic competitionnew trade theorynew economic geographyKrugmanNobel Prize in economicsReferencesРикардо Д. Начала политической экономии и налогового обложения // Избранное. М.: Эксмо, 2007.Рикардо Д. Начала политической экономии и налогового обложения // Избранное. М.: Эксмо, 2007.Abdel-Rahman H. M. Product Differentiation, Monopolistic Competition, and City Size // Regional Science and Urban Economics. 1988. Vol. 18. P. 69-86.Abdel-Rahman H. M. Product Differentiation, Monopolistic Competition, and City Size // Regional Science and Urban Economics. 1988. Vol. 18. P. 69-86.Antweiler W., Trefler D. Increasing Returns and All That: A View From Trade // American Economic Review.2002. Vol. 92, No 1. P. 93-119.Antweiler W., Trefler D. Increasing Returns and All That: A View From Trade // American Economic Review.2002. Vol. 92, No 1. P. 93-119.Balassa B. Trade Creation and Trade Diversion in the European Common Market // The Economic Journal.1967. Vol. 77, No 305. P. 1-21.Balassa B. Trade Creation and Trade Diversion in the European Common Market // The Economic Journal.1967. Vol. 77, No 305. P. 1-21.Brander J., Krugman P. A 'reciprocal dumping' model of international trade // Journal of International Economics, 1983. Vol. 15, No 3/4. P. 313-321.Brander J., Krugman P. A 'reciprocal dumping' model of international trade // Journal of International Economics, 1983. Vol. 15, No 3/4. P. 313-321.Brander J., Spencer B. Export subsidies and international market share rivalry // Journal of International Economics. 1985. Vol. 18, No 1/2. P. 83-100.Brander J., Spencer B. Export subsidies and international market share rivalry // Journal of International Economics. 1985. Vol. 18, No 1/2. P. 83-100.Dixit A., Norman V. Theory of International Trade: A Dual General Equilibrium Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980.Dixit A., Norman V. Theory of International Trade: A Dual General Equilibrium Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980.Dixit A., Stiglitz J. Monopolistic Competition and Optimum Product Diversity // American Economic Review.1977. Vol. 67, No 3. P. 297-308.Dixit A., Stiglitz J. Monopolistic Competition and Optimum Product Diversity // American Economic Review.1977. Vol. 67, No 3. P. 297-308.Eaton J., Grossman G. Optimal Trade and Industrial Policy under Oligopoly // Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1986. Vol. 101, No 2. P. 383-406.Eaton J., Grossman G. Optimal Trade and Industrial Policy under Oligopoly // Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1986. Vol. 101, No 2. P. 383-406.Fujita M. A. Monopolistic Competition Model of Spatial Agglomeration: Differentiated Product Approach // Regional Science and Urban Economics. 1988. Vol. 18. P. 87-124.Fujita M. A. Monopolistic Competition Model of Spatial Agglomeration: Differentiated Product Approach // Regional Science and Urban Economics. 1988. Vol. 18. P. 87-124.Fujita M., Krugman P., Venables T. The Spatial Economy: Cities, Regions and International Trade. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999.Fujita M., Krugman P., Venables T. The Spatial Economy: Cities, Regions and International Trade. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999.Grubel H., Lloyd P. Intra-industry Trade. L.: McMillan, 1975.Grubel H., Lloyd P. Intra-industry Trade. L.: McMillan, 1975.Helpman E. Imperfect Competition and International Trade: Evidence from Fourteen Industrial Countries // Journal of the Japanese and International Economies. 1987. Vol. 92. P. 451-471.Helpman E. Imperfect Competition and International Trade: Evidence from Fourteen Industrial Countries // Journal of the Japanese and International Economies. 1987. Vol. 92. P. 451-471.Henderson J. V. The Sizes and Types of Cities // American Economic Review. 1974. Vol. 64, No 4. P. 640-656.Henderson J. V. The Sizes and Types of Cities // American Economic Review. 1974. Vol. 64, No 4. P. 640-656.Hirschman A. O. The Strategy of Development. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1958.Hirschman A. O. The Strategy of Development. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1958.Hummels D., Levinsohn J. International Trade and Monopolistic Competition: Reconsidering the Evidence // Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1995. Vol. 110, No 3. P. 799-836.Hummels D., Levinsohn J. International Trade and Monopolistic Competition: Reconsidering the Evidence // Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1995. Vol. 110, No 3. P. 799-836.Krugman P. Increasing Returns, Monopolistic Competition and International Trade // Journal of International Economics. 1979. Vol. 9, No 4. P. 469-479.Krugman P. Increasing Returns, Monopolistic Competition and International Trade // Journal of International Economics. 1979. Vol. 9, No 4. P. 469-479.Krugman P. Scale Economies, Product Differentiation, and the Pattern of Trade // American Economic Review. 1980. Vol. 70, No 5. P. 950-959.Krugman P. Scale Economies, Product Differentiation, and the Pattern of Trade // American Economic Review. 1980. Vol. 70, No 5. P. 950-959.Krugman P. A Model Of Balance-Of-Payments Crises // Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking. 1979. Vol. 11, No 3. P. 311-325.Krugman P. A Model Of Balance-Of-Payments Crises // Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking. 1979. Vol. 11, No 3. P. 311-325.Krugman P. Incidents from my career // The unofficial Paul Krugman Archive. 1995. http://www.pkarchive.org.Krugman P. Incidents from my career // The unofficial Paul Krugman Archive. 1995. http://www.pkarchive.org.Krugman P. Increasing Returns and Economic Geography // Journal of Political Economy. 1991. Vol. 99, No 3. P. 483-499.Krugman P. Increasing Returns and Economic Geography // Journal of Political Economy. 1991. Vol. 99, No 3. P. 483-499.Krugman P., Venables A. Globalization and the Inequality of Nations // The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1995. Vol. 110, No 4. P. 857-880.Krugman P., Venables A. Globalization and the Inequality of Nations // The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1995. Vol. 110, No 4. P. 857-880.Lancaster K. Intra-industry Trade under Perfect Monopolistic Competition // Journal of International Economics. 1980. Vol. 10, No 2. P. 151-175.Lancaster K. Intra-industry Trade under Perfect Monopolistic Competition // Journal of International Economics. 1980. Vol. 10, No 2. P. 151-175.Marshall A. Industry and trade. L.: Macmillan, 1919.Marshall A. Industry and trade. L.: Macmillan, 1919.Melitz M. The impact of trade on intra-industry reallocations and aggregate industry productivity // Econometrica. 2003. Vol. 71, No 6. P. 1695-1725.Melitz M. The impact of trade on intra-industry reallocations and aggregate industry productivity // Econometrica. 2003. Vol. 71, No 6. P. 1695-1725.Ohlin B. Interregional and International Trade. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1933.Ohlin B. Interregional and International Trade. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1933.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.