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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2012-4-46-66</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-788</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПОСТКРИЗИСНАЯ МАКРОЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ПОЛИТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POST-CRISIS MACROECONOMIC POLICY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Финансовые кризисы: источники, проявления, последствия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Financial Crises: Sources, Manifestations, Consequences</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рустамов</surname><given-names>Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rustamov</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор экономических наук, Председатель Центрального банка Азербайджана</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральный банк Азербайджана</institution><country>Азербайджан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Bank of the Republic of Azerbaijan</institution><country>Azerbaijan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>66</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2012</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/788">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/788</self-uri><abstract><p>На основе обобщения эмпирического опыта и теорий финансовых кризисов предложена общая схема, описывающая механизмы возникновения и распространения кризисных явлений. Факторы формирования кризисов включают внутренние и внешние дисбалансы, шоки, особенности экономической политики и изменение настроений агентов (в частности, в контексте появления и «схлопывания» ценовых пузырей); каналы распространения — прямые взаимосвязи финансовых организаций, эффект «спирали убытков», возникающий при начале распродаж активов, рост неопределенности. Полученная схема проиллюстрирована на примере ряда масштабных кризисов 1990—2000-х годов (мексиканского, азиатского, российского, аргентинского). Рассмотрены также механизмы «переноса» финансовых кризисов на реальный сектор. Обсуждаются подходы к оценке кратко- и долгосрочных последствий кризисов для фискальной стабильности и экономического роста.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Building on the empirical studies and financial crises theories, a general framework describing the mechanisms of crisis formation and transmission is developed. Factors of crisis formation include external and internal imbalances, shocks, deficiencies of economic policies and changes in the economic agents behavior (in particular, as concerns price bubbles formation and burst). Channels of crisis transmission include direct links between financial organizations; "negative loss spirals" arising from massive asset sales; increase in uncertainty. The framework is employed to the analysis of several crisis episodes in 1990s and 2000s (Mexican, Asian, Russian and Argentine crises). The channels of crisis transmission to the real economy are also considered. The approaches to measuring both short- and long-term impact of crises on fiscal stability and economic growth are discussed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>финансовые кризисы</kwd><kwd>ценовые пузыри</kwd><kwd>макроэкономическая политика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>financial crises</kwd><kwd>price bubbles</kwd><kwd>macroeconomic policy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allen F. et al. Financial Crises: Theory and Evidence // Annual Review of Financial Economics. 2009. Nov. P. 97-116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allen F. et al. Financial Crises: Theory and Evidence // Annual Review of Financial Economics. 2009. Nov. P. 97-116.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allen W. A., Moessner R. 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