voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2012-3-4-31voprecotest-779Research ArticleВОПРОСЫ ТЕОРИИISSUES OF THEORYВ тени насилия: уроки для обществ с ограниченным доступом к политической и экономической деятельностиIn the Shadow of Violence: Lessons for Limited Access SocietiesНортД.NorthD.

профессор, лауреат Нобелевской премии по экономике

УоллисДж.WallisJ.

профессор

УэббС.WebbS.ВайнгастБ.WeingastB.

профессор

Университет Вашингтона в Сент-ЛуисеСоединённые Штаты АмерикиWashington University in St. LouisUnited StatesМэрилендский университетСоединённые Штаты АмерикиUniversity of MarylandUnited StatesВсемирный банкСоединённые Штаты АмерикиWorld BankUnited StatesСтэнфордский университетСоединённые Штаты АмерикиStanford UniversityUnited States20122003201203431Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20122012Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/779

В статье, которая представляет собой краткое изложение готовящейся к изданию книги, авторы исследуют выборку из 9 развивающихся стран. При всей нелинейности экономического развития можно наблюдать, как развивающиеся страны переходят от порядков ограниченного доступа, в которых главную роль играет коалиция правящих группировок, основанная на личных связях и препятствующая свободной конкуренции в политике и экономике, к порядкам открытого доступа с демократическим устройством и эффективно функционирующей децентрализованной экономической системой. Основной вывод авторов состоит в том, что обществам с ограниченным доступом необходимо не вводить принудительно институты открытого доступа, а перенастраивать стимулы элит, входящих в господствующую коалицию, так чтобы ограничить применение насилия, обеспечить экономическую и политическую стабильность и сделать выгодным для правящих групп постепенное движение к порядку открытого доступа.

The paper presents a summary of the forthcoming book by the authors and discusses the sample study of the 9 developing countries. While admitting the non-linearity of economic development they claim that the developing countries make a transition from the limited access orders (where the coalition of powerful elite groups plays a major role, that is based on personal connections and hampers free political and economic competition) to the open access orders with democratic government and efficient decentralized economic system. The major conclusion of this article is that what the limited access societies should do is not simply introducing open access institutions, but reorganizing the incentives of the elites so that to limit violence, provide economic and political stability and make a gradual transition to the open access order beneficial for the elites.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.