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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2012-1-4-20</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-755</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВОПРОСЫ ТЕОРИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ISSUES OF THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Как различать причину и следствие? (Нобелевская премия по экономике 2011 года)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>How to Distinguish Cause and Effect? (2011 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Замулин</surname><given-names>О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zamulin</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD, декан факультета экономики</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стырин</surname><given-names>К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Styrin</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD, профессор</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская экономическая школа (РЭШ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>New Economic School</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>01</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2012</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/755">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/755</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена вкладу нобелевских лауреатов 2011 г. Томаса Сарджента и Кристофера Симса в экономическую науку. Обсуждается, каким образом эти лауреаты предложили исследовать причинно-следственные связи в макроэкономике. Общая идея обоих экономистов заключается в том, что искать надо не отдельные эмпирические закономерности, а теории, способные объяснить наблюдаемые закономерности, и далее проверять все аспекты этих теорий на данных. Однако конкретные подходы у двух лауреатов отличаются. Если Сарджент предложил тестировать на данных точную теоретическую модель, то Симс предложил метод структурной векторной авторегрессии, в котором на эконометрическую модель накладывается минимальное количество ограничений, охватывающих широкий класс теоретических моделей. Далее в статье обсуждается применимость данного подхода в разных ситуациях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper discusses the contribution of 2011 Nobel laureates, Thomas Sargent and Christopher Sims, to economics. It is shown how these two economists proposed to analyze causal relationships in macroeconomics. The common idea of the two laureates is that one should not look for isolated empirical relationships; rather, one should seek theories, which are capable of explaining the observed regularities, and then subject the whole theories to empirical tests. However, the specific methods proposed by the two economists differ. Thus, Sargent proposed to test a specific model; Sims, on the other hand, introduced the method called structural autoregression, in which an econometric model is subjected to a minimal set of theoretical restrictions encompassing a large set of theoretical models. Then the paper discusses applications of this logic to different situations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>макроэкономика</kwd><kwd>экономическая политика</kwd><kwd>инфляция</kwd><kwd>безработица</kwd><kwd>рациональные ожидания</kwd><kwd>Нобелевская премия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>macroeconomics</kwd><kwd>economic policy</kwd><kwd>inflation</kwd><kwd>unemployment</kwd><kwd>rational expectations</kwd><kwd>Nobel Prize in economics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Замулин О. Концепция реальных экономических циклов и ее роль в эволюции макроэкономической теории // Вопросы экономики. 2005. № 1. С. 144-153.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Замулин О. Концепция реальных экономических циклов и ее роль в эволюции макроэкономической теории // Вопросы экономики. 2005. № 1. 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