voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2014-6-63-80voprecotest-653Research ArticleИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯINSTITUTIONAL STUDIESПублика и принятие правительственных решений: кому нужны «народные» обсуждения и консультации?The Public and Decision-making Process: Who and Why Needs Citizen Participation?БычковаО. В.BychkovaO.

Ph.D., проф., Европейский университет в Санкт-Петербурге

obychkova@eu.spb.ruЕвропейский университет в Санкт-ПетербургеРоссияEuropean University at St. Petersburg (Russia)Russian Federation201420062014066380Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20142014Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/653

Считается, что публичное обсуждение политических мер на предварительной стадии разработки позволяет снизить государственные расходы на реализацию непродуманных решений и повысить подотчетность правительства гражданам. Однако с позиции государственных чиновников, публичные обсуждения и консультации нерациональны: подотчетность превращается в трату времени и энергии на общение с дилетантами, экономические эффекты редко удается предсказать. В статье представлен обзор существующих концепций, объясняющих рост популярности принципов прозрачности и открытости правительства в мире. Рассматриваются эффективность публичных обсуждений на примере США и возможные недостатки этой процедуры. Проанализированы альтернативные формы вовлечения публики в процесс принятия правительственных решений.

The participation of the public in the decision-making and policy discussion is expected to allow the officials to re-valuate the proposed decisions, save money on their implementation and restore public trust in government. However, from the point of view of bureaucrats, direct participation is often unproductive: you are required to spend work time and energy on discussions with non-experts and have no means to predict the effectiveness and efficiency of these debates. The article considers theories and empirical studies that can explain a new fashion trend of openness and transparency in world’s public policy and problems with its implementation. The article also evaluates the applicability of republican tradition to modern policy-making and analyzes alternative mode of public involvement. Keywords : public policy, rule-making, open government, transparency, public participation.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.