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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2026-5-17-33</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-5877</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИКРОЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MICROECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Потребление российских домашних хозяйств на макроуровне: структура, дифференциация и влияние налоговых изменений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian household expenditures at the macroeconomic level: Structure, inequality, and impact of tax changes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0806-9777</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Широв</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shirov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Широв Александр Александрович – д. э. н., чл.-корр. РАН, директор </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Shirov </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">schir@recfor.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3825-831X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потапенко</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Potapenko</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Потапенко Вадим Викторович – к. э. н., с. н. с. </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim V. Potapenko </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vadvpotap@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3058-9931</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савчишина</surname><given-names>К. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savchishina</surname><given-names>K. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Савчишина Ксения Евгеньевна – к. э. н., н. с. </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kseniya E. Savchishina </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">savchishinak@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт народнохозяйственного прогнозирования Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Economic Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5877">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5877</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассматривается потребление домашних хозяйств (ПДХ) в 2005—2023 гг. Цель работы — выявить динамические и структурные особенности российского ПДХ. Анализируется физическая и ценовая динамика ПДХ в целом и по отдельным товарным группам. Изучаемый период разделен на этапы, характеризующиеся разными темпами роста ПДХ. Показан парадокс российского потребления: несмотря на удвоение физического объема среднедушевого совокупного ПДХ, его стоимостная структура, в том числе доля расходов на продовольствие, изменяется медленно. Парадокс объясняется неравномерным приростом физического объема и цен на отдельные товары и услуги. На основании статистики Росстата исследуются различия в структуре продовольственных расходов по децильным группам домашних хозяйств. Представлен подход к уточнению данных Росстата о дифференциации потребительских расходов децильных групп, приведено сравнение уточненной и официальной структуры потребительских расходов в 2023 г. Показано, что рост основной ставки налога на добавленную стоимость в 2026 г. повысит стоимость товаров и услуг, потребляемых всеми группами населения, но в максимальной степени — наиболее обеспеченными домашними хозяйствами. В то же время усложнение дифференцированной шкалы налога на доходы физических лиц в 2025 г. снизило потребление только самых обеспеченных работников.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines personal consumption expenditures (PCE) in Russia during 2005—2023. The aim of the study is to identify the dynamic and structural features of Russian PCE. The analysis covers both volume and price changes in total PCE and PCE of specific product groups. The study period is divided into several phases, each characterized by different patterns of household consumption. A paradox of Russian consumption is highlighted: despite the doubling of total volume of per capita PCE over the past 20 years, its structure, including the share of food expenditures, has remained virtually unchanged. The paradox is explained by uneven volume and price changes of different product groups. Using Rosstat statistics, the article examines differences in the structure of consumer expenditures across household deciles since the mid-2000s. The approach to refining Rosstat data on the inequality of household expenditures by decile groups is described; a comparison of adjusted and official data on the structure of household consumption by decile groups in 2023 is presented. Recent tax changes affecting consumer expenditures are also considered. It is shown that the increase in value-added and income tax rates in 2019—2026 has the largest impact on reducing consumption among the top-income households and workers.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>потребление домашних хозяйств</kwd><kwd>структура расходов</kwd><kwd>расходы на продовольствие</kwd><kwd>уровень цен</kwd><kwd>налог на добавленную стоимость</kwd><kwd>налог на доходы физических лиц</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>personal consumption expenditures</kwd><kwd>expenditure structure</kwd><kwd>food expenditures</kwd><kwd>price level</kwd><kwd>value-added tax</kwd><kwd>income tax</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зубаревич – Н. В., Сафронов С. Г. (2019). Доля продуктов питания в структуре расходов населения регионов России как индикатор уровня жизни и модернизации потребления // Вестник Московского университета. 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