voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2026-6-58-74voprecotest-5874Research ArticleМИКРОЭКОНОМИКАMICROECONOMICSБюджеты российских семей: в каких сферах потребления время и деньги замещают друг друга, а в каких — дополняютBudgets of Russian households: In which consumption domains do time and money substitute for or complement each other?https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7767-0190ПишнякА. ИPishnyakA. I.

Пишняк Алина Игоревна - к. соц. н., заведующая Центром анализа доходов и уровня жизни Института социальной политики (ИСП) НИУ ВШЭ.

Москва

Alina I. Pishnyak

Moscow

ekruchinskaya@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9061-9864ХалинаН. В.KhalinaN V.

Халина Наталья Вячеславовна - н. с. Центра анализа доходов и уровня жизни ИСП НИУ ВШЭ.

Москва

Natalia V. Khalina

Moscow

nkhalina@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6025-3435НазарбаеваЕ. А.NazarbaevaE. A.

Назарбаева Елена Алексеевна - н. с. Центра анализа доходов и уровня жизни ИСП НИУ ВШЭ.

Москва

Elena A. Nazarbaeva

Moscow

enazarbaeva@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-2581Тер-АкоповС. А.Ter-AkopovS. A.

Тер­Акопов Сергей Александрович - н. с. Центра исследований благополучия и бюджетов времени населения ИСП НИУ ВШЭ.

Москва

Sergey A. Ter-Akopov

Moscow

sterakopov@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-6571-1966МихайловаН. С.Ter-AkopovaN. S.

Тер­Акопова Наталья Сергеевна - ведущий эксперт Центра исследований благополучия и бюджетов времени населения ИСП НИУ ВШЭ.

Москва

Natalia S. Ter-Akopova

Moscow

nmikhaylova@hse.ruНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»РоссияAuthors affiliation: HSE UniversityRussian Federation202606062026065874Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20262026Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5874

Представлены результаты исследования соотношения расходов времени и денег российских семей в различных сферах потребления. На итогах всероссийского опроса населения, сочетающего анкетные данные и результаты заполнения дневников, отражающих бюджеты времени, показано, что время и деньги в зависимости от конкретной сферы потребления могут выступать и как комплементы (например, вложения в детей, когда взрослые члены домохозяйства преимущественно указывают и на наличие финансовых трат, и на время, проведенное с детьми), и как субституты (например, в случае благотворительности, где доля имеющих финансовые расходы существенно превышает долю тех, кто говорит о временных затратах). При этом различия в соотношении времени и денег обусловлены не только направлением расходов, но и материальным положением домохозяйств: у более обеспеченных россиян больше возможностей для замещения временных расходов денежными, однако прибегают к ним не во всех сферах. Анализ расходов времени и денег позволяет говорить о том, что население дифференцировано по материальному положению, а важным фактором различий выступает этап жизненного цикла человека и его семьи, который определяет не только ключевые направления расходов, но и их комплементарность и/или замещающий характер.

The article presents the results of a study examining the relationship between time and monetary expenditures among Russian households across different spheres of consumption. Drawing on data from a nationwide population survey combining questionnaire-based information with time-use diaries, the study demonstrates that, depending on the specific sphere of consumption, time and money may function either as complements or as substitutes. An example of complementarity is investment in children, where adult household members predominantly report both financial expenditures and time spent with children. By contrast, charitable activities represent a case of substitution, as the share of respondents reporting monetary contributions substantially exceeds the share indicating time expenditures. At the same time, variations in the relationship between time and money are determined not only by the sphere of expenditure itself, but also by the material well-being of households. More affluent Russians possess broader opportunities to substitute monetary expenditures for time expenditures, however, they do not resort to such substitution uniformly across all domains. The analysis of the scale of time and monetary expenditures suggests that the population is differentiated not only by material status. An equally important factor shaping these differences is the stage of the individual and family life cycle, which influences not only the principal directions of expenditure, but also the extent to which time and money function as complementary or substitutive resources.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.