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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2026-5-34-50</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-5873</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИКРОЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MICROECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Потребительские и финансовые практики среднего класса в России: неотъемлемые черты или факторы дифференциации?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Consumer and financial practices of the Russian middle class: Inherent features or factors of differentiation?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7767-0190</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пишняк</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pishnyak</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пишняк Алина Игоревна – к. соц. н., заведующая Центром анализа доходов и уровня жизни Института социальной политики </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alina I. Pishnyak </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">apishniak@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9061-9864</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Халина Наталья Вячеславовна – н. с. Центра анализа доходов и уровня жизни </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Khalina </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nkhalina@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6025-3435</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назарбаева</surname><given-names>Е/ А/</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarbaeva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Назарбаева Елена Александровна – н. с. Центра анализа доходов и уровня жизни </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Nazarbaeva</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">enazarbaeva@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HSE University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5873">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5873</self-uri><abstract><p>С опорой на анализ потребительских и финансовых практик российского среднего класса рассматривается вопрос о том, являются эти практики неотъемлемыми чертами или факторами его внутренней дифференциации. Придерживаясь комплексного определения среднего класса, учитывающего уровень дохода, образование и профессиональный статус респондентов, на данных специализированного опроса городского среднего класса показано, что его представителей отличают высокая доля имеющих сбережения и ориентация на более рациональное использование финансовых инструментов по сравнению с населением в целом. В части потребления средний класс отличается, имея более высокие расходы, направляя средства на накопление человеческого капитала и высоко оценивая собственные потребительские возможности. Результаты показывают, что в своем составе средний класс неоднороден. Были выделены четыре группы пользователей финансовых услуг, различающихся не только вовлеченностью в финансовые практики, но и потребительскими ориентирами. Полученные результаты позволяют говорить о том, что финансовые и потребительские практики являются неотъемлемыми признаками российского среднего класса в целом, но одновременно служат факторами его высокой внутренней дифференциации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Drawing on the analysis of the consumer and financial practices of the Russian middle class, this article examines whether these practices represent its inherent characteristics or serve as factors of internal differentiation. Using a multidimensional definition of the middle class based on respondents’ income level, education, and occupational status, and relying on data from a specialized survey of the urban middle class, the study shows that its members are distinguished by a higher prevalence of savings and a stronger orientation toward the rational use of financial instruments compared to the general population. In terms of consumption, the middle class also differs by demonstrating higher spending, prioritizing investments in human capital, and expressing greater satisfaction with their consumer capabilities. The findings indicate that the Russian middle class is internally heterogeneous. Four groups of financial service users were identified, differing not only in their engagement with financial practices but also in their consumer orientations. The results suggest that while consumer and financial practices are core traits of the Russian middle class as a whole, they simultaneously act as drivers of its internal differentiation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>средний класс</kwd><kwd>финансовое поведение</kwd><kwd>потребительское поведение</kwd><kwd>потребительские практики</kwd><kwd>сбережения</kwd><kwd>кредитование</kwd><kwd>инвестиции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>middle class</kwd><kwd>financial behavior</kwd><kwd>consumer behavior</kwd><kwd>consumer practices</kwd><kwd>savings</kwd><kwd>credits</kwd><kwd>investment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авраамова Е. М., Григорьев Л. М., Космарская Т. П., Малева Т. М., Михайлюк М. В., Овчарова Л. Н., Радаев В. В., Урнов М. Ю. (2000). Средний класс в России: количественные и качественные оценки. 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