voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2015-3-28-45voprecotest-58Research ArticleВОПРОСЫ ТЕОРИИISSUES OF THEORYМоральная природа долга и формирование ответственногозаемщикаThe Moral Nature of Debtand the Making of Responsible DebtorЮдинГ. Б.YudinG.

к.  ф.  н., старший преподаватель факультета социальных наук, старший научный сотрудник Лаборатории экономико-социологических исследований НИУ ВШЭ (Москва)

gregloko@yandex.ruНИУ ВШЭ (Москва)РоссияNational Research University Higher School of Economics (Moscow, Russia)Russian Federation201520032015032845Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20152015Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/58

Роль долговых отношений в современном мире возрастает, и вместе с этим растет число экономических проблем, связанных с регулированием долга. Несмотря на то что долг порождает множество моральных противоречий, кредитные отношения в условиях рынка обычно считаются морально нейтральными. В данной статье природа долга рассматривается с позиций антропологической теории дара. Данный подход позволяет раскрыть моральное содержание утилитарного рыночного обмена в сопоставлении с дарообменом и выделить разные формы долга. Этот подход используется для анализа потребительского кредитования и демонстрации того, что поведение заемщика парадоксальным образом обусловлено стремлением избежать долга как морального обязательства. Автор выделяет основные моральные императивы, управляющие потребительским кредитованием, - независимость и следование необходимости, а также калькулятивность и квантификацию. В работе показано, что возложение на заемщика ответственности за увеличение потребительской задолженности не позволяет контролировать рост долгов, а умножает их.

The significance of debt relations is constantly growing in the present-day world, so do economic problems related to debt. Credit relationships on market are usually treated as morally neutral despite the fact that debt generates a number of moral contradictions. This paper suggests an understanding of debt that draws on the anthropological theory of gift. It enables to expose the moral content of the utilitarian market exchange as compared to gift exchange and to differentiate between various forms of debt. This approach is used for analyzing consumer credit and for demonstrating that debtor’s behavior is paradoxically determined by striving to avoid the moral obligations of debt. The main moral imperatives are indicated that govern consumer credit - independence and necessity, calculativeness and quantification. This article demonstrates that making the borrower responsible for growing debt makes credit burden increasing rather than restraints it.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.