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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2026-4-100-129</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-5799</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАКРОЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MACROECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Асимметрия процентного канала  денежно-кредитной политики:  отраслевой и региональный аспекты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The asymmetry of the monetary policy interest rate channel: Industry-specific and regional perspectives</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7484-1459</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зверева</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zvereva</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зверева Валерия Андреевна, советник Департамента  денежно-кредитной политики Банка России, стажер-исследователь научно-  </p><p>учебной лаборатории пространственно-эконометрического моделирования социально-экономических процессов НИУ ВШЭ</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeria A. Zvereva</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zverevavaleria89@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Банк России; Национальный исследовательский университет  «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bank of Russia; HSE University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>100</fpage><lpage>129</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5799">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5799</self-uri><abstract><p>Проверяется гипотеза о наличии асимметрии в реакции банковских ставок на сдерживающую и стимулирующую денежно-кредитную политику (ДКП) Банка России в различных сегментах, отраслях и макрорегионах в период с 2017 по 2025 г. С использованием модели коррекции ошибок с марковским переключением режимов оценено влияние шоков ДКП, инфляционных ожиданий населения, ценовых ожиданий бизнеса и индикатора бизнес-климата на ставки по кредитам и депозитам сроком от 30 дней до 3 лет и выше. Результаты подтверждают выраженную асимметрию в работе процентного канала трансмиссии, особенно для краткосрочных ставок: на срок до 1 года в сегменте корпоративного кредитования и на срок до 90 дней в сегменте кредитования физических лиц. На рынке депозитов населения асимметрия не была обнаружена. Ставки по кредитам физических лиц на срок от 1 года до 3 лет, как правило, сильнее и быстрее реагируют на ужесточение ДКП, чем на ее смягчение. При этом ставки по корпоративным кредитам подвержены обратной асимметрии и менее чувствительны к ужесточению ДКП, особенно в промышленности и сельском хозяйстве, а также в строительстве в случае малого и среднего бизнеса. Макрорегионами, подверженными значительной асимметрии на рынке кредитования, оказались Сибирский и Южный. Эффективность единой ДКП при этом не снижается: банковские ставки значимо и с минимальными лагами (от 1 до 3 месяцев) реагируют на меры ДКП во всех рассматриваемых разрезах. Для улучшения работы процентного канала рекомендуется уделять больше внимания выделенным в работе сегментам, отраслям и регионам, которые могут порождать неоднородность и неполноту трансмиссии. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper examines the hypothesis of asymmetric responses of bank interest rates to restrictive and accommodative monetary policy conducted by the Bank of Russia across different market segments, industries, and macroregions over the period 2017—2025. Using a Markov-switching error-correction model, the study estimates the effects of monetary policy shocks, households’ inflation expectations, firms’ price expectations, and a business climate indicator on loan and deposit rates with maturities ranging from 30 days to three years and longer. The results provide strong evidence of pronounced asymmetry in the interest rate channel of monetary transmission, particularly for short-term rates: for maturities of up to one year in the corporate lending segment and up to 90 days in household lending. No statistically significant asymmetry is found in the household deposit market. Retail loan rates with maturities from one to three years generally respond more strongly and more rapidly to monetary tightening than to monetary easing. By contrast, corporate lending rates exhibit reverse asymmetry and are less sensitive to monetary tightening, especially in manufacturing and agriculture, as well as in construction in the case of small and medium-sized enterprises. At the macroregional level, the Siberian and Southern macroregions display the most pronounced asymmetry in credit markets. At the same time, the effectiveness of a uniform monetary policy is not undermined: bank interest rates respond significantly and with short lags (one to three months) to monetary policy measures across all considered dimensions. To enhance the performance of the interest rate transmission channel, the paper recommends placing greater policy focus on the identified segments, industries, and regions that give rise to heterogeneity and incomplete transmission. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>денежно-кредитная политика</kwd><kwd>процентный канал трансмиссии</kwd><kwd>асимметрия</kwd><kwd>региональная и отраслевая неоднородность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>monetary policy</kwd><kwd>interest rate transmission channel</kwd><kwd>asymmetry</kwd><kwd>regional heterogeneity</kwd><kwd>sectoral heterogeneity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ «Высшая школа экономики»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андреев А. В. (2019). 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