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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2026-1-126-145</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-5705</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИСКУССИОННЫЙ КЛУБ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DEBATING SOCIETY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Президент Дональд Трамп - 2025: ломка всех догм</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>President Donald Trump 2025: Breaking all dogmas</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3891-7060</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьев</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoryev</surname><given-names>Leonid M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Григорьев Леонид Маркович, к. э. н., ординарный проф., научный руководитель департамента мировой экономики факультета мировой экономики и мировой политики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lgrigor1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HSE University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>126</fpage><lpage>145</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5705">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5705</self-uri><abstract><p>Возврат к власти в США крупного бизнесмена Дональда Трампа, не связанного академическими догмами, базировался на лозунгах, созвучных традиционной Америке, — об ее экономическом и политическом превосходстве. Предыдущая либерально-прогрессистская догма Дж. Байдена не выдержала прямого столкновения с энергией Д. Трампа и оппонентов в условиях двухпартийной системы. Широкий охват торговых партнеров повышенными импортными пошлинами ставит США в ситуацию сложного эксперимента, когда происходит ломка привычных параметров (и догм) по вопросам конкуренции и воздействия на благосостояние потребителей в стране. Новый старый президент сохраняет действие ряда важных законов о промышленной политике, продолжает политику низких налогов на бизнес и снижения расходов на климатические программы (фактически догмы). Одновременно он предпринимает рискованную попытку повлиять на макроэкономические (бюджетный дефицит) и торгово-экономические параметры (снижение торгового дефицита, увеличение притока прямых инвестиций), сдвинуть налогообложение от доходов к потреблению, повысить торговые пошлины. К концу 2025 г. сложилось временное равновесие на тарифной арене в отношениях с Евросоюзом, отложен конфликт и идут трудные переговоры с Китаем. Ключевой инструмент долгосрочной внутренней экономической политики — «Один большой прекрасный билль» (One Big Beautiful Bill, OВВВ) — был одобрен Конгрессом страны. Именно этот акт определит основные параметры ломки старой модели развития и наследия Трампа. Резкость шагов президента-республиканца отчасти обусловлена необходимостью сократить период радикальных сдвигов из-за приближения предвыборных кампаний 2026 и 2028 гг.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The return to power of Donald Trump, a major businessman unencumbered by academic dogma, was based on slogans resonating with traditional America, economic and political superiority. The previous liberal-progressive dogma of Joe Biden’s day did not withstand a direct confrontation with the energy of Trump and his opponents in a two-party system. The broad coverage of trading partners by increased import duties puts the US in a situation of a large and complex experiment with breaking the usual parameters (and dogmas) on issues of competition and impact on consumer welfare in the country. The new old president is keeping several important industrial policy laws in place and continuing his policy of low business taxes and reduced spending on climate programs (which is basically a dogma). At the same time, he is making a dramatic and risky attempt to influence macroeconomic parameters (budget deficit) and trade and economic parameters (reducing the trade deficit, increasing the inflow of direct investment), shifting taxation from income to consumption, and increasing trade tariffs. By the end of 2025, the temporary equilibrium had been reached in the tariff arena in relations with the European Union, while conflict delayed and difficult negotiations continued with China. The key instrument of long-term domestic economic policy — OВВВ — was approved by the country’s Congress. It is this act that will determine the main parameters for breaking the old model of development and the legacy of Donald Trump. The drama of the Republican president’s steps is partly defined by the need to compress the period of radical shifts with the transition to the 2026 and 2028 election campaigns.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Трамп</kwd><kwd>неравенство</kwd><kwd>промышленная политика</kwd><kwd>торговые пошлины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Tramp</kwd><kwd>inequality</kwd><kwd>industrial policy</kwd><kwd>trade tariffs</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Григорьев Л. М. (2024). Ключевые проблемы долгосрочного роста американской экономики // Современная мировая экономика. Т. 2, № 3. 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