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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2025-11-60-78</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-5566</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>В поисках торговых партнеров для России: оценка целесообразности заключения соглашений о свободной торговле на основе метода главных компонент</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Searching for trade partners: Assessing the feasibility of free trade agreements using principal component analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0005-379X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуева</surname><given-names>Т. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zueva</surname><given-names>T. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зуева Татьяна Геннадьевна - аналитик Центра торгово-политических исследований ВАВТ Минэкономразвития России.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana G. Zueva</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zueva-tanya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2065-3407</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савельев</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savelyev</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Савельев Олег Владимирович - к. э. н., доцент кафедры торговой политики НИУ ВШЭ.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg V. Savelyev</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">savelyev_oleg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3433-9497</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фурманов</surname><given-names>К. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Furmanov</surname><given-names>K. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фурманов Кирилл Константинович - к. э. н., с. н. с. лаборатории прикладной эконометрики ЦЭМИ РАН.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill К. Furmanov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">furmanovkirill@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийская академия внешней торговли Минэкономразвития России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Foreign Trade Academy of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HSE University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральный экономико-математический институт РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>78</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5566">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5566</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассматривается задача рейтингования торговых партнеров России по целесообразности заключения с ними соглашений о свободной торговле. Учитываются показатели внешней торговли России и возможного партнера, которые можно разделить на три блока: экономическая привлекательность партнера для России, потенциал снижения торговых барьеров и риски открытия отечественного рынка. Для каждого блока с помощью метода главных компонент и принципа близости к идеальной точке строятся интегральные индикаторы, характеризующие каждый из трех аспектов целесообразности. Индикаторы для отдельных блоков объединяются в общий индикатор целесообразности заключения соглашения о свободной торговле, на основании которого составляется рейтинг партнеров. Методология оценки целесообразности разработана с учетом задач России по наращиванию несырьевого неэнергетического экспорта и приоритетных для экспорта товаров, потребности России в импорте, а также возможных угроз конкурентоспособности национальных отраслей, которые несет либерализация торговли «чувствительными» к импорту товарами. Приоритеты для экспорта и потребности в импорте определяются в соответствии с национальными проектами, распоряжениями Правительства России и решениями Высшего Евразийского экономического совета. Представлено ранжирование 39 потенциальных партнеров. Первое место рейтинга со значительным отрывом занимает Монголия, с которой соглашение о свободной торговле уже подписано, но пока не ратифицировано членами Евразийского экономического союза. Среди лидеров рейтинга оказались Кения, Турция, Индия и Танзания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article tackles a problem of rating the Russian Federation’s trading partners based on the advisability of concluding free trade agreements with them. When constructing the rating, the indicators of foreign trade of the Russian Federation and a potential partner are taken into account, which can be divided into three blocks: (1) the economic attractiveness of the partner for the Russian Federation, (2) the potential for reducing trade barriers, and (3) the risks of opening the domestic market. For each block, using the principal component method and the best proximity point, integral indicators are constructed that characterize each of the three aspects of advisability. The indicators for individual blocks are combined into a common indicator of the advisability of concluding a free trade agreement, based on which a rating of partners is compiled. The methodology for assessing the advisability was developed considering Russia’s tasks in increasing non-resource non-energy exports and priority goods for export, Russia’s need for imports, as well as possible threats to the competitiveness of national industries posed by the liberalization of trade in goods “sensitive” to imports. Priorities for exports and the need for imports are determined in accordance with national priority projects, orders of the Government of Russia and decisions of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council. As a result, rankings of 39 potential partners are presented. The first place in the final rating by a significant margin is occupied by Mongolia, with which a free trade agreement has already been signed but has not yet been ratified by members of the Eurasian Economic Union. Among the leaders of the rating were Kenya, Turkey, India and Tanzania.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>международная торговля</kwd><kwd>внешняя торговля России</kwd><kwd>соглашение о свободной торговле</kwd><kwd>интегральный индикатор</kwd><kwd>метод главных компонент</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>international trade</kwd><kwd>Russia’s foreign trade</kwd><kwd>free trade agreement</kwd><kwd>composite index</kwd><kwd>ranking</kwd><kwd>principal component analysis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Айвазян С. А. (2003). К методологии измерения синтетических категорий качества жизни населения // Экономика и математические методы. Т. 39, № 2. С. 33—53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aivazian S. A. (2003). Towards a methodology of measuring of the population’s life quality synthesized categories. 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