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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2026-3-129-148</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-5560</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕГИОНАЛЬНАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REGIONAL ECONOMY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Структурный анализ межрегиональных различий в производительности труда в России в 2010—2023 гг.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Structural decomposition of interregional differences in labor productivity in Russia in 2010—2023</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7427-7289</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельникова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnikova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мельникова Лариса Викторовна, к. э. н., вед. н. с. ­отдела территориальных систем ИЭОПП СО РАН; доцент кафедры применения математических методов в экономике НГУ</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larisa V. Melnikova</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">melnikova@ieie.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт экономики и организации промышленного производства СО РАН;&#13;
Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
Novosibirsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>129</fpage><lpage>148</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5560">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5560</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлен структурный анализ межрегиональных различий в уровне и темпах роста производительности труда в России. Выявлены структурные основания пространственной дифференциации производительности труда, сопоставлены ее статические (уровни) и динамические (темпы роста) аспекты, обусловленные отраслевой специализацией, эффективностью аллокации ресурсов и внутриотраслевыми различиями, и оценен вклад этих факторов в формирование межрегионального неравенства по доходам. Анализ выполнен на данных по субъектам РФ за 2010—2023 гг. в разрезе основных видов экономической деятельности, за исключением добывающих производств, и с учетом региональной дифференциации цен. Используется анализ «сдвигдоля», разделяющий отклонение регионального показателя от национального на отраслевой, локализационный и региональный компоненты. Для уровней производительности труда выявлена устойчивая тенденция к сближению, а для темпов роста — к нарастанию различий. Наименьший вклад в формирование этих тенденций вносил фактор разнообразия отраслевой структуры, чаще способствовавший конвергенции региональных показателей. На втором месте по влиянию — фактор концентрации производства в регионах, отражающий агломерационные эффекты: он способствовал дивергенции уровней производительности труда, но противодействовал ей в плане темпов роста. Наибольшее влияние оказывал фактор региональных различий внутри­ отраслевой производительности труда. Сочетание компонентов разложения «сдвиг-доля» определяет различные модели формирования уровня и роста производительности труда в регионах. На основании симуляционных расчетов оценены направления и сила воздействия структурных компонентов роста производительности труда на формирование межрегионального неравенства по душевому ВРП.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents structural analysis of interregional disparities in labor productivity levels and growth rates across Russia. The study aims to uncover structural foundations of spatial differentiation in labor productivity by comparing its static (levels) and dynamic (growth rates) aspects. It examines the roles of industrial specialization, resource allocation efficiency, and intra-industry disparities, and assesses the contribution of these factors to interregional income inequality. The analysis utilizes data on the subject of the Russian Federation for 2010—2023, broken down by economic activity (excluding extractive indust­ ries) and adjusted for regional price differentials. The shift-share analysis is employed to decompose the deviation of regional indicators from the national average into sectoral, localization, and regional components. The results reveal a persistent trend toward convergence in labor productivity levels but a growing divergence in growth rates. The factor of sectoral structure diversity contributed in the least to these processes, often promoting regional convergence. The second most influential factor was the concentration of production in regions, reflecting agglomeration effects: it fostered divergence in productivity levels but countered it in growth rates. The most significant influence came from regional differences in within-industry labor productivity. Combinations of shift-share decomposition components define distinct models of labor productivity level and growth formation in the regions. Simulation-based calculations assess the direction and magnitude of structural components’ impact on labor productivity growth in shaping interregional inequality in per capita GRP.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>производительность труда</kwd><kwd>эконо­мический рост</kwd><kwd>меж­региональные различия</kwd><kwd>метод «сдвиг-доля»</kwd><kwd>отрасле­вая структура</kwd><kwd>пространственное неравенство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>labor productivity</kwd><kwd>economic growth</kwd><kwd>interregional differences</kwd><kwd>shift-share method</kwd><kwd>sectoral structure</kwd><kwd>spatial inequality.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мельникова Л. В. (2021). Пространственный анализ динамики структурных сдвигов в экономике российских регионов в 2004—2019 гг. / / Регион: экономика и социология. № 3. 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