voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2025-12-32-55voprecotest-5513Research ArticleВОПРОСЫ ТЕОРИИISSUES OF THEORYКак изучать экономическую рациональность в XXI веке?How to study economic rationality in the 21st century?https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7873-2725ФроловД. П.FrolovD. P.

Фролов Даниил Петрович - д. э. н., проф. кафедры экономики и предпринимательства 

Волгоград

Daniil P. Frolov

Volgograd

ecodev@mail.ruВолгоградский государственный технический университетРоссияVolgograd State Technical UniversityRussian Federation2025101220250123255Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20252025Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5513

Изучение рациональности в экономической науке идет в двух направлениях. С одной стороны, под влиянием критики институциональные и поведенческие факторы стали активно интегрироваться в формальные модели рационального выбора, тем самым укрепляя мейнстрим. С другой стороны, мейнстримная теория рационального выбора подвергается критике со стороны альтернативных теорий, исследующих экологическую, инклюзивную и энактивную рациональность. Эти подходы смещают внимание со структуры предпочтений и когнитивной ограниченности индивидов на их адаптацию к среде путем использования эвристик, социальных взаимодействий и институтов. Сложившийся компромисс взглядов на рациональность будет меняться под влиянием перемен в когнитивной науке, связанных с развитием исследовательской программы расширенного познания (4Е-познания). 4Е-подходы делают акцент на активной агентности индивидов, погруженности мышления во внешнюю среду и на динамизме взаимодействий с ней, критической роли социальных когнитивных систем и когнитивных институтов в рациональном выборе.

The study of rationality in economics is developing in two directions. On the one hand, under the influence of long-standing criticism, institutional and behavioral factors have been actively integrated into formal models of rational choice, thereby strengthening the mainstream. On the other hand, mainstream rational choice theory is being criticized by alternative theories exploring ecological, inclusive, and enactive rationality. These approaches shift attention from the structure of preferences and the cognitive limitations of individuals to their adaptation to the environment through the use of heuristics, social interactions, and institutions. The current consensus on rationality will change under the influence of developments in cognitive science and the associated research program of extended cognition (4E-cognition). 4E-approaches emphasize the active agency of individuals, the immersion of thinking in the external environment and the dynamism of interactions with it, the critical role of social cognitive systems and cognitive institutions in rational choice.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.