voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2025-8-102-120voprecotest-5468Research ArticleЭКОНОМИКА ТРУДА И СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЫLABOR AND SOCIAL ECONOMICSОбразование и экономический рост: роль институтовEducation and economic growth: The role of institutionshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4660-286XАвдееваД. А.AvdeevaD. A.

Авдеева Дарья Александровна - вед. эксперт Института «Центр развития» НИУ ВШЭ.

Москва

Daria A. Avdeeva

Moscow

davdeeva@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6634-2159ВеселовД. А.VeselovD. A.

Веселов Дмитрий Александрович - к. э. н., Ph.D., с. н. с. Международной лаборатории макроэкономического анализа, доцент департамента теоретической экономики НИУ ВШЭ.

Москва

Dmitry A. Veselov

Moscow

dveselov@hse.ruНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»РоссияAuthors affiliation: HSE UniversityRussian Federation20251408202508102120Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20252025Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5468

Экономическая теория и эмпирические исследования связывают экономический рост с образованием как одной из ключевых составляющих человеческого капитала. Однако высокие уровни образования не гарантируют рост экономики, если слабая институциональная среда мешает продуктивно использовать знания и навыки. Исследуя соотношение показателей институтов и образования в разных странах, нами сделан вывод, что слабые институты характерны в первую очередь для стран с низкими уровнями образования. В числе исключений — некоторые постсоциалистические страны, а также ряд государств со сравнительно высокими уровнями образования, столкнувшихся с масштабными кризисами и ухудшением институциональной среды. Именно к этим странам наиболее применим аргумент о непродуктивном использовании человеческого капитала, связанном с институциональными проблемами. С использованием системного обобщенного метода моментов и панельных данных по 134 странам за период 1970—2015 гг. оценено влияние институтов и образования на экономический рост и получены значимые положительные оценки влияния этих факторов. Согласно результатам, слабые институты существенно ограничивают темпы экономического роста, в том числе в странах с образованным населением.

Economic theory and empirical research link economic growth with education, a key component of human capital. Yet high levels of education do not guarantee economic growth if a weak institutional environment hinders the productive use of knowledge and skills. By studying the nexus between institutions and education in different countries, we conclude that weak institutions are usually paired with low levels of education. Some post-socialist countries, as well as a number of other countries with relatively high levels of education that have experienced institutional deterioration after major crises are among exceptions. The argument about the unproductive use of human capital due to institutional problems is most applicable to such countries. Using system GMM on a panel of 134 countries over the period 1970—2015, we obtain significant positive estimates of the impact of both institutions and education on economic growth. Our results indicate that weak institutions markedly constrain economic growth even in countries with educated population.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.