<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2015-2-123-140</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-54</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИСКУССИОННЫЙ КЛУБ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DEBATING SOCIETY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эпистемологический статус моделейи мысленных экспериментов в экономической теории</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epistemological Status of Models and Thought Experiments in Economics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кошовец</surname><given-names>О. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koshovets</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ф.н., старший научный сотрудник Института экономики РАН (Москва)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">helzerr@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вархотов</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Varkhotov</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ф.н., доцент МГУ имени М.  В. Ломоносова (Москва)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">varkhotov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт экономики РАН (Москва)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова (Москва)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University (Moscow, Russia)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>123</fpage><lpage>140</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/54">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/54</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье исследуется аналогия теоретического моделирования и мысленного эксперимента в экономической науке. Авторы проводят исторический и эпистемологический анализ функционирования мысленных экспериментов и их отношений с материальным экспериментом в системе естествознания и приходят к выводу, что мысленный эксперимент как исследовательский инструмент принципиально по-разному используется в физике и экономической теории. В естествознании мысленный эксперимент тесно связан с материальным экспериментом, а в экономике он используется изолированно. Материальный эксперимент служит средством предъявления реальности, а изолированный мысленный эксперимент в принципе не может быть полноценным инструментом исследования реальности, это лишь средство картографирования и структурирования предметной области.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper considers the analogy of theoretical modeling and thought experiment in economics. The authors provide historical and epistemological analysis of thought experiments and their relations to the material experiments in natural science. They conclude that thought experiments as instruments are used both in physics and in economics, but in radically different ways. In the natural science, a thought experiment is tightly connected to the material experimentation, while in economics it is used in isolation. Material experiments serve as a means to demonstrate the reality, while thought experiments cannot be a full-fledged instrument of studying the reality. Rather, they constitute the instrument of structuring the field of inquiry.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экономическая реальность</kwd><kwd>онтология</kwd><kwd>модель</kwd><kwd>эксперимент</kwd><kwd>мысленный эксперимент</kwd><kwd>инструментализм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>economic reality</kwd><kwd>ontology</kwd><kwd>model</kwd><kwd>experiment</kwd><kwd>thought experiment</kwd><kwd>instrumentalism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Блауг М. (2004). Методология экономической науки, или Как экономисты объясняют. М.: Вопросы экономики.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blaug M. (1980). The Methodology of Economics, Or, How Economists Explain. Moscow: Voprosy Ekonomiki. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Валлерстайн Э. (2003). Конец знакомого мира. Социология XXI века. М.: ЭКСМО.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wallerstein I. (2003). The End of the World As We Know It: Social Science for the Twenty-first Century. Moscow: EKSMO. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вальрас Л. (2000). Элементы чистой политической экономии, или Теория общественного богатства. М.: Изограф.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walras L. (2000). Elements of Pure Economics. Moscow: Isograf. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вартофский М. (1988). Модели. Репрезентация и научное понимание. М.: Прогресс.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wartofsky М. (1988). Models. Representation and the Scientific Understanding. Moscow: Progress. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вархотов Т. А., Кошовец О. Б. (2014). Базовые концептуальные конструкции и мысленные эксперименты в экономической теории // Общество и экономика. № 4. С. 25-41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Varhotov T., Koshovets O. (2014). The Basic Concepts and Thought Experiments in Economics. Obshchestvo i Ekonomika, No. 4, pp. 25—41. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Декарт Р. (1953). Рассуждение о методе. М.: Изд-во АН СССР. [Descartes (1637). Discours de la méthode. Moscow: USSR Academy of Sciences Publ. (In Russian).]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Descartes (1637). Discours de la méthode. Moscow: USSR Academy of Sciences Publ. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Илларионов С. В. (1984). Проблема реальности в современной физике // Теория познания и современная физика / Отв. ред. Ю. В. Сачков. М.: Наука. С. 197-209.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Illarionov S.  V. (1984). The Problem of Reality in Modern Physics. In: Sachkov  Yu. V.   (ed.). Epistemology and modern physics. Moscow: Nauka, pp. 197—209. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кошовец О. Б. (2010). Дисциплинарное воспроизводство экономического знания (эпистемологический, онтологический и социально-экономический аспекты). М.: Институт экономики РАН.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koshovets O.  B. (2010). Disciplinary Reproduction of Economic Knowledge (Epistemological, Ontological and Socio-Economic Aspects). Moscow: Institute of Economics RAS. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кошовец О. Б., Фролов И. Э. (2013). Онтология и реальность: проблемы их соотношения в методологии экономической науки // Теоретическая экономика: онтологии и этика. М.: Институт экономики РАН. С. 27-112.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koshovets O.  B., Frolov I.  E. (2013). Ontology and Reality: The Problem of Their Relation in the Methodology of Economics. In: Theoretical Economics: ontology and ethics. Moscow: Institute of Economics RAS, pp. 27—112. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кэй Дж. (2012). Карта - не территория. О состоянии экономической науки // Вопросы экономики. № 5. С. 4-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kay J. (2012). The Map is Not the Territory: An Essay on the State of Economics. Voprosy Ekonomiki, No. 5, pp. 4—13. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Липкин А. И. (2001). Основания современного естествознания. М.: Вузовская книга.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lipkin A. (2001). Foundations of the Modern Natural Science. Moscow: Vuzovskaya Kniga. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макклоски Д. (2004). Контрфактические утверждения // Экономическая теория / Под ред. Дж. Итуэлла, М. Милгейта, П. М. Ньюмена. М.: ИНФРА-М. C. 186-193.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McCloskey D. (2004). Counterfactuals. In: Eatwell J., Milgate M., Newman P. (eds.). The World of Economics. Moscow: INFRA-M, pp. 186—193. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мах Э. (2000). Механика. М.: КомКнига. [Mach E. The Science of Mechanics. Moscow: KomKniga. (In Russian).]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mach E. The Science of Mechanics. Moscow: KomKniga. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мах Э. (2003). Познание и заблуждение. М.: Бином. [Mach E. Knowledge and Error. Moscow: Binom. (In Russian).]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mach E. Knowledge and Error. Moscow: Binom. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мяки У. (2008). Модели и эксперименты - это одно и то же // Вопросы экономики. № 11. С. 81-90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maki U. (2008). Models are Experiments, Experiments are Models. Voprosy Economiki, No. 11, pp. 81—90. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рубинштейн А. (2008). Дилеммы экономиста-теоретика // Вопросы экономики. № 11. С. 62-81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rubinstein A. Dilemmas of an Economic Theorist. Voprosy Ekonomiki, No. 11, pp. 62—81. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сагден Р. (2012) Правдоподобные миры: статус теоретических моделей в экономической науке // Философия экономики. Антология / Под ред. Д. Хаусмана. М.: Изд-во Института Гайдара.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sugden R. (2012). Credible Worlds: The Status of Theoretical Models in Economics. In: Hausman J. (ed.). Philosophy of Economics. Anthology. Moscow: Gaidar Institute Publ. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Севальников А.Ю. (2003). Современное физическое познание: в поисках новой онтологии. М.: Ин-т философии РАН.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sevalnikov A.Y. (2003). The Modern Physical Knowledge: In Search of a New Ontology. Moscow: Institute of Philosophy RAS Publ. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Талеб Н. (2009). Черный лебедь. Под знаком непредсказуемости. М.: КоЛибри.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taleb N. (2009). The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable. Moscow: KoLibri. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фридмен М. (1994). Методология позитивной экономической науки // THESIS. Вып. 4. С. 20-52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Friedman M. (1994). The Methodology of Positive Economics. THESIS, Iss. 4, pp. 20—52. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фурсов А.А. (2013). Проблема статуса теоретического знания науки в полемике между реализмом и антиреализмом. М.: Изд-во МГУ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fursov A. (2013). The Status of Theoretical Scientific Knowledge: the Controversy between Realism and Antirealism. Moscow: Lomonosov Moscow State University Publ. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bishop M. (1999). Why Thought Experiments Are Not Argument. Philosophy of Science, Vol. 66, No. 4, pp. 534-541.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bishop M. (1999). Why Thought Experiments Are Not Argument. Philosophy of Science, Vol. 66, No. 4, pp. 534-541.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brown J. R. (1991). The Laboratory of the Mind. L.: Routledge. Brown J. R. (2007). Counter Thought Experiments. Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement, Vol. 61, No. 82, pp. 155-177.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brown J. R. (1991). The Laboratory of the Mind. L.: Routledge. Brown J. R. (2007). Counter Thought Experiments. Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement, Vol. 61, No. 82, pp. 155-177.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daston L., Galison P. (2007). Objectivity. N. Y.: Zone Books.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daston L., Galison P. (2007). Objectivity. N. Y.: Zone Books.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davis J. B. (ed.) (2006). Recent Developments in Economic Methodology. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davis J. B. (ed.) (2006). Recent Developments in Economic Methodology. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gooding D. (1992). What is Experimental in Thought Experiments. PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association, Vol. 2, pp. 280-290.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gooding D. (1992). What is Experimental in Thought Experiments. PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association, Vol. 2, pp. 280-290.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guala F. (2005). The Methodology of Experimental Economics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guala F. (2005). The Methodology of Experimental Economics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jo T., Chester L., King M. (eds.) (2012). Beyond Market-Fundamentalist Economics: An Agenda for Heterodox Economics to Change the Dominant Narrative. On the Horizon, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 155-163.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jo T., Chester L., King M. (eds.) (2012). Beyond Market-Fundamentalist Economics: An Agenda for Heterodox Economics to Change the Dominant Narrative. On the Horizon, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 155-163.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klein D. B., Romero P. P. (2007). Model Building versus Theorizing: The Paucity of Theory. Journal of Economic Theory, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 241-271.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klein D. B., Romero P. P. (2007). Model Building versus Theorizing: The Paucity of Theory. Journal of Economic Theory, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 241-271.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koenker R., Zeieis A. (2007). Reproducible Econometric Research (A Critical Review of the State of the Art). Research Report Series, No 60. Department of Statistics and Mathematics of the University of Economics of Vienna.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koenker R., Zeieis A. (2007). Reproducible Econometric Research (A Critical Review of the State of the Art). Research Report Series, No 60. Department of Statistics and Mathematics of the University of Economics of Vienna.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krugman P. (2009). How Did Economists Get It So Wrong? New York Times Magazine, September 2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krugman P. (2009). How Did Economists Get It So Wrong? New York Times Magazine, September 2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuczynski P. P., Williamson J. (eds.) (2003). After the Washington Consensus. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuczynski P. P., Williamson J. (eds.) (2003). After the Washington Consensus. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lawson T. (1997). Economics and Reality. L.: Routledge.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lawson T. (1997). Economics and Reality. L.: Routledge.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lucas R. (1980). Methods and Problems in Business Cycle Theory. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Vol. 12, pp. 696-715.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lucas R. (1980). Methods and Problems in Business Cycle Theory. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Vol. 12, pp. 696-715.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lucas R. (1981). Studies in Business-Cycle Theory. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lucas R. (1981). Studies in Business-Cycle Theory. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lucas R. (1988). What Economists Do. Lecture at The University of Chicago. http://home. uchicago.edu/~vlima/courses/econ203/fall01/Lucas_wedo.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lucas R. (1988). What Economists Do. Lecture at The University of Chicago. http://home. uchicago.edu/~vlima/courses/econ203/fall01/Lucas_wedo.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mäki U. (1992). On the Method of Isolation in Economics. Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities, Vol. 26, pp. 319-354.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mäki U. (1992). On the Method of Isolation in Economics. Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities, Vol. 26, pp. 319-354.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mäki U. (ed.) (2001). The Economic World View: Studies in the Ontology of Economics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mäki U. (ed.) (2001). The Economic World View: Studies in the Ontology of Economics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morgan M. (2002). Model experiments and models in experiments. In: Magnani L., Nersessian N. J. (eds.). Model-Based Reasoning: Science, Technology, Values. Dordrecht: Kluwer, pp. 41-58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morgan M. (2002). Model experiments and models in experiments. In: Magnani L., Nersessian N. J. (eds.). Model-Based Reasoning: Science, Technology, Values. Dordrecht: Kluwer, pp. 41-58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morgan M. (2005). Experiments versus models: New phenomena, inference and surprise. Journal of Economic Methodology, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 317-329.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morgan M. (2005). Experiments versus models: New phenomena, inference and surprise. Journal of Economic Methodology, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 317-329.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roux S. (2011) Introduction: The Emergence of the Notion of Thought Experiments. In: Ierodiakonou K., Roux S. (eds.). Thought Experiments in Methodological and Historical Contexts. Leiden; Boston: Brill.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roux S. (2011) Introduction: The Emergence of the Notion of Thought Experiments. In: Ierodiakonou K., Roux S. (eds.). Thought Experiments in Methodological and Historical Contexts. Leiden; Boston: Brill.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Solow R. (2010). Building a Science of Economics for the Real World. Prepared Statement. House Committee on Science and Technology Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight. http://science.house.gov/sites/republicans.science. house.gov/files/documents/hearings/072010_Solow.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solow R. (2010). Building a Science of Economics for the Real World. Prepared Statement. House Committee on Science and Technology Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight. http://science.house.gov/sites/republicans.science. house.gov/files/documents/hearings/072010_Solow.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Syll L. P. (2010). What Is (Wrong With) Economic Theory? Real-World Economics Review, No. 54, pp. 23-57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Syll L. P. (2010). What Is (Wrong With) Economic Theory? Real-World Economics Review, No. 54, pp. 23-57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Varian H. R. (1997). How to Build an Economic Model in your Spare Time. In: Szenberg M. (ed.). Passion and Craft: Economists at Work. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, pp. 256-271.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Varian H. R. (1997). How to Build an Economic Model in your Spare Time. In: Szenberg M. (ed.). Passion and Craft: Economists at Work. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, pp. 256-271.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
