voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2025-7-82-97voprecotest-5388Research ArticleЭКОНОМИКА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICSЦена на углерод: выбор между физической и экономической эквивалентностью выбросов и разрешений на нихThe price of carbon: Choosing between the physical and economic equivalence of emissions and permitshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8630-3621Каргинова-ГубиноваВ. В.Karginova-GubinovaV. V.

Каргинова-Губинова Валентина Владимировна, к. э. н., с. н. с. отдела региональной экономической политики

Петрозаводск 

Valentina V. Karginova-Gubinova 

Petrozavodsk 

vkarginowa@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4162-8342ТолстогузовО. В.TolstogyzovO. V.

Толстогузов Олег Викторович, д. э. н., гл. н. с. отдела региональной экономической политики 

Петрозаводск 

Oleg V. Tolstogyzov 

Petrozavodsk 

olvito@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6061-4165ТишковС. В.TishkovS. V.

Тишков Сергей Вячеславович, к. э. н., ученый секретарь 

Петрозаводск 

Sergey V. Tishkov 

Petrozavodsk 

insteco_85@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3518-4543ШлапекоЕ. А.ShlapekoE. A.

Шлапеко Екатерина Андреевна, к. полит. н., с. н. с. отдела региональной экономической политики

Петрозаводск 

Ekaterina A. Shlapeko 

Petrozavodsk 

shlapeko_kate@mail.ruИнститут экономики Карельского научного центра РАНРоссияInstitute of Economics, the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202509072025078297Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20252025Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5388

Проведение декарбонизации экономики требует механизма определения цены на углерод. Использованы данные ведущих мировых исследований, статистические и биржевые показатели, проанализированные с помощью методов дескриптивной статистики и интегральных уравнений. Выделены особенности углерода как внешнего эффекта, которые, по сравнению со стандартными активами бирж, в большей мере ограничивают возможность установления цены на него в ходе переговоров и торга (теорема Коуза). Показана несовместимость физической эквивалентности эмитируемого и хранимого углерода и его экономической эквивалентности, принимающей во внимание временные предпочтения. Предложен метод определения цены на углерод для достижения баланса интересов текущих и будущих поколений, учета различий стран и эмитируемых парниковых газов. Проведена его апробация для России. Предложены критерии и механизмы ценообразования на углерод как внешний эффект, имея в виду его особенности. Сформулированы меры по максимизации эффекта от декарбонизации экономики.

Carrying out decarbonization of the economy requires a mechanism for determining the price of carbon. The work is built on the data of the world’s leading studies, statistical and exchange indicators, that are analyzed using the methods of descriptive statistics and integral equations. The features of carbon as an external effect are highlighted, which, in comparison with standard exchange assets, to a greater extent limit the possibility of setting a price for it in the course of negotiations and bargaining (the Coase theorem). The incompatibility of ensuring physical equivalence of emitted and stored carbon with economic equivalence, taking into account time preferences, is shown. The method for determining the price of carbon is proposed to achieve a balance of interests between current and future generations, taking into account differences among countries and emitted greenhouse gases. This method was tested for Russia. The criteria and mechanisms of carbon pricing as an external effect, keeping in mind its highlighted features, are put forward. Measures aimed at maximizing the effect of decarbonization of the economy are proposed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.