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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2025-7-49-81</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-5387</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ИСТОРИЯ И ИСТОРИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ МЫСЛИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECONOMIC HISTORY AND HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экономические реформы в СССР: последний акт (1985—1991 гг.). К 40-летию перестройки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic reforms in the USSR: The last act (1985—1991). On the 40th anniversary of perestroika</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5407-4473</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мау</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mau</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мау Владимир Александрович, д. э. н., проф., заслуженный экономист Российской Федерации</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Mau </p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mauvladimir29@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Независимый исследователь</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Independent researcher</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5387">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5387</self-uri><abstract><p>Перестройка стала последней масштабной попыткой реформировать советскую экономику на основе рыночных принципов. Как и предыдущие две попытки (нэп и экономическая реформа 1965 г.), она не дала устойчивого результата, но обострила политические проблемы. Однако, в отличие от первых попыток, перестройка привела к краху всей советской системы. Проанализированы кризисные процессы в стране, объективные проблемы советской модели и ошибки экономической политики 1985—1991 гг. Обсуждается возможность провести рыночные реформы в рамках советской политической системы. Особое внимание уделено логике и последовательности социально-экономической политики рассматриваемого периода, соотношению макроэкономических, институциональных и структурных преобразований. Рассмотрены источники системного кризиса и первые программы по его преодолению.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Perestroika (restructuring) was the last of three large-scale attempts to reform the Soviet economy on the basis of market principles. Similar to the previous two attempts (the NEP and the Kosygin economic reform of 1965), it failed to produce a sustainable result but led to the aggravation of political problems. However, unlike the previous two, perestroika ended with the collapse of the entire Soviet system. The paper deals with the processes of unfolding of the economic crisis, objective problems of the Soviet model and mistakes of economic policy in 1985—1991. The author discusses the principal possibility of implementation of market reforms while remaining within the framework of the Soviet political system. Special attention is paid to the logic and consistency of socio-economic policy, the correlation of macroeconomic, institutional, and structural transformations. The sources of the systemic crisis and the first programs to overcome it are considered as well.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экономика СССР</kwd><kwd>советская модель</kwd><kwd>перестройка</kwd><kwd>экономическая политика</kwd><kwd>системный кризис</kwd><kwd>рыночные реформы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>USSR economy</kwd><kwd>Soviet model</kwd><kwd>perestroika</kwd><kwd>economic policy</kwd><kwd>systemic crisis</kwd><kwd>market reforms</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абалкин Л. И. (1973). Хозяйственный механизм развитого социалистического общества. М.: Мысль.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abalkin L. I. (1973). Economic mechanism of a developed socialist society. Moscow: Mysl. 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