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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2025-7-25-48</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-5375</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИКА ОТРАСЛЕВЫХ РЫНКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Производительность и распределение ресурсов российских компаний: анализ трендов и взаимосвязи</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Productivity and resource allocation of Russian companies: Analysis of trends and interrelationships</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4285-9115</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамов</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramov</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абрамов Александр Евгеньевич, к. э. н., завлабораторией анализа институтов и финансовых рынков Института прикладных экономических исследований (ИПЭИ)</p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander E. Abramov </p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abramov-ae@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2459-5614</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джаохадзе</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzhaokhadze</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Джаохадзе Елена Джурховна, м. н. с. лаборатории анализа институтов и финансовых рынков ИПЭИ</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena D. Dzhaokhadze </p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dzhaokhadze-ed@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2242-9994</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радыгин</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Radygin</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Радыгин Александр Дмитриевич, д. э. н., проф., директор ИПЭИ</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander D. Radygin </p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arad@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0144-1820</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернова</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernova</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чернова Мария Игоревна, к. э. н., с. н. с. лаборатории анализа институтов и финансовых рынков ИПЭИ</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria I. Chernova </p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chernova-mi@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5375">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5375</self-uri><abstract><p>Замедление темпов роста совокупной факторной производительности (СФП) и наличие устойчивых разрывов в ее уровнях все чаще связывают с проблемой нерационального распределения ресурсов (НРР) в экономике. На широкой выборке российских компаний на микроуровне проанализированы тренды мисаллокации ресурсов и ее связь с СФП. В 2012—2022 гг. проблема НРР в России обострилась, что выразилось в росте различий в СФП на 8,9%. Ключевую роль играет разрыв в СФП между большими и малыми компаниями, который объясняет до 63% внутриотраслевого НРР. Помимо размера, различия в СФП обусловлены финансовым рычагом, рентабельностью активов, ликвидностью и иностранной собственностью, которые положительно влияют на ее уровень, а также возрастом, влияние которого отрицательное. Влияние участия государства в структуре собственности различается по отраслям. НРР усугубляет недостаточное выбытие низкоэффективных компаний и отсутствие новых с уровнем СФП выше существующих. Оценка модели VARX показала, что нет приоритетности в привлечении инвестиций в наиболее быстрорастущие технологичные компании и наблюдается избыточный переток капитала в пользу крупных компаний, что выступает дополнительным источником мисаллокации ресурсов. Нужно сформировать долгосрочную национальную государственную программу мониторинга и повышения СФП компаний, а также использовать этот показатель для принятия инвестиционных и финансовых решений и оценки эффективности управления компанией.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The issue of resource misallocation is becoming more closely linked to the persistent gaps in total factor productivity (TFP) and the decline in its growth. At the micro level, we examine the tendencies of misallocation and its relationship with TFP by using a wide range of Russian companies. TFP dispersion has increased by 8.9%, indicating that the misallocation in Russia is deteriorating from 2012 to 2022. The TFP gap between large and small companies is the primary factor, accounting for up to 63% of intra-industry misallocation. Furthermore, the variance in TFP is attributable to leverage, asset profitability, liquidity, and foreign ownership, all of which have a positive impact on its level, as well as age, which has a negative impact. The impact of state participation varies across industries. Insufficient exit of low-performing companies and the absence of new companies with a higher level of TFP than the existing ones exacerbate the misallocation. The evaluation of the VARX model has revealed a lack of priority in attracting investments in the most rapidly expanding technology companies and disproportionate capital transfers in favor of large companies, which is an additional source of misallocation. The findings support the necessity of a long-term national state program to monitor and enhance the TFP of companies, as well as the utilization of this indicator to evaluate the efficacy of the company’s management and make investment and financial decisions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>совокупная факторная производительность</kwd><kwd>распределение ресурсов</kwd><kwd>отраслевые различия</kwd><kwd>компании с государственным участием</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>total factor productivity</kwd><kwd>misallocation</kwd><kwd>state ownership</kwd><kwd>sectoral disparities</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках государственного задания РАНХиГС.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was written in the framework of the RANEPA state assignment research programme.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абрамов А. 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