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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2025-11-79-101</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-5369</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИКА ТРУДА И СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LABOR AND SOCIAL ECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Реакция рынка труда на шоки в российской экономике</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Labor market responses to shocks in the Russian economy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7124-0770</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Даровский</surname><given-names>И. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Darovskii</surname><given-names>I. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Даровский Иван Яковлевич - гл. экономист Северо-Западного главного управления Банка России.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan Y. Darovskii - Senior Economist.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivan.darovskii@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Банк России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bank of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>79</fpage><lpage>101</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5369">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5369</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследуется влияние шоков предложения рабочей силы, переговоров о заработной плате (укрепления или ослабления переговорной позиции работников при определении уровня заработной платы), производительности, внешнего и внутреннего спроса на российский рынок труда в 2017—2024 гг. На основании оцененной байесовской векторной авторегрессии (BVAR), идентифицированной с помощью знаковых ограничений, и исторической декомпозиции значений показателей сделан вывод о воздействии на ключевые переменные рынка труда как макроэкономических, так и специфических рыночных шоков. Особое внимание уделено анализу факторов разбалансировки российского рынка труда в последние годы. Выявлено, что главной причиной снижения безработицы и роста численности занятых с конца 2022 г. были положительные шоки внутреннего спроса и производительности, а шоки внешнего спроса и переговоров о заработной плате сдерживали увеличение потребности организаций в кадрах. Сложившуюся с весны 2023 г. ситуацию можно назвать рынком соискателя. Восстановлению сбалансированности российского рынка труда способствуют нормализация внутреннего спроса и рост реальной заработной платы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper examines the impact of labor supply shocks, wage bargaining shocks, productivity shocks, and external and domestic demand shocks on the Russian labor market from 2017 to 2024. Using a Bayesian vector autoregression (BVAR) identified through sign restrictions and performing a historical decomposition, the study finds that both macroeconomic and market-specific shocks influence key labor market variables. Special attention is given to the factors contributing to labor market imbalances in recent years. The results indicate that the primary drivers of declining unemployment and rising employment since late 2022 have been positive domestic demand and productivity shocks, whereas external demand and wage bargaining shocks have constrained labor demand growth. The labor market conditions observed since spring 2023 can be characterized as a job seeker’s market. The normalization of domestic demand and the rise in real wages are helping to restore equilibrium in the Russian labor market.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рынок труда</kwd><kwd>безработица</kwd><kwd>производительность труда</kwd><kwd>реальная заработная плата</kwd><kwd>макроэкономические шоки</kwd><kwd>BVAR</kwd><kwd>знаковые ограничения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>labor market</kwd><kwd>unemployment rate</kwd><kwd>labor productivity</kwd><kwd>real wages</kwd><kwd>macroeconomic shocks</kwd><kwd>BVAR</kwd><kwd>sign restrictions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вакуленко Е. С., Гурвич Е. Т. (2016). Гибкость реальной заработной платы в России: сравнительный анализ // Журнал Новой экономической ассоциации. № 3. 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