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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2025-5-66-82</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-5346</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВОПРОСЫ ТЕОРИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ISSUES OF THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О коррекции некоторых положений теоретической экономики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the correction of some provisions of theoretical economics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рубинштейн</surname><given-names>А. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubinstein</surname><given-names>A. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рубинштейн Александр Яковлевич, д. ф. н., заслуженный деятель науки РФ, проф., руководитель научного направления «Теоретическая экономика» </p><p>Москва</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander Y. Rubinstein</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arubin@aha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт экономики РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5346">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5346</self-uri><abstract><p>Показано, что продолжение дискуссии об индивидуализме и холизме может иметь более общее научное обоснование на основе мультидисциплинарного подхода и достижений современной философии и социологии. В результате введения в экономическую теорию принципа методологического релятивизма и выделения четырех относительно самостоятельных релятивистских доктрин представлены особенности релятивистской методологии, опирающейся на два фундаментальных положения — о невозможности существования объективно нейтральных критериев выбора между конфликтующими  альтернативами,  а  сами  эти  альтернативы  возникают в условиях разных культурных контекстов. Важным следствием такого подхода стали новые результаты исследований в области  теории  опекаемых благ — части экономики, где в финансировании производства товаров и услуг, имеющих социальную полезность, участвует государство. Доказана необходимость в дефиниции общественных благ возврата к строгой дихотомии (по Самуэльсону) и введена новая категория «нормативно-общественные блага», свойства неисключаемости и неконкурентности которых приобретаются в процессе целенаправленных действий государства, в предельном случае политики мериторизации частных товаров и услуг. К новым результатам относятся также построение для опекаемых благ модели равновесия, важным следствием которой является обоснование альтернативной экзегетики «треугольника Харбергера», ставшей теоретическим доказательством, реабилитацией категории бюджетной субсидии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>It is shown that the continuation of the discussion on individualism and holism can have a more general scientific justification on the basis of multidisciplinary approach and achievements of modern philosophy and sociology. As a result of introducing the principle of methodological relativism into economic theory and distinguishing four relatively independent relativist doctrines, the article presents the peculiarities of relativist methodology, which is based on two fundamental statements about the impossibility of existence of objectively neutral criteria for choosing between conflicting alternatives and that these alternatives themselves arise in different cultural contexts. An important consequence of this approach is the new research results in the field of the theory of patronized goods — that part of the economy where the state participates in financing the production of goods and services with social utility. A significant part of the work is devoted to new results: it is about proving the necessity to return to a strict dichotomy in the definition of public goods (according to Samuelson) and the introduction of a new category of “normative-public goods”, the properties of non-excludability and non-competitiveness of which are acquired in the process of purposeful actions of the state, in the extreme case of the policy of meritization of private goods and services. The new results also include the construction of an equilibrium model for patronized goods, an important consequence of which is the justification of an alternative exegetics of the Harberger triangle, which became a theoretical proof of the rehabilitation of the category of budgetary subsidy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>индивидуализм</kwd><kwd>холизм</kwd><kwd>релятивистская методология</kwd><kwd>индивидуальная полезность</kwd><kwd>социальная полезность</kwd><kwd>опекаемые блага</kwd><kwd>бюджетная субсидия</kwd><kwd>треугольник Харбергера</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>individualism</kwd><kwd>holism</kwd><kwd>relativistic methodology</kwd><kwd>individual&#13;
utility</kwd><kwd>social utility</kwd><kwd>patronized goods</kwd><kwd>budget subsidy</kwd><kwd>Harberger’s triangle.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аткинсон Э. Б., Стиглиц Дж. Э. (1995). Лекции по экономической теории государственного сектора: Учебник. М.: Аспект Пресс.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atkinson E. B., Stiglitz J. E. (1995). Lectures on the economic theory of the public sector: A textbook. Moscow: Aspect Press. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Блауг М. (1994). Экономическая мысль в ретроспективе. М.: Дело.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blaug M. (1994). Economic theory in retrospect. Moscow: Delo. 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