voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2013-4-24-48voprecotest-526Research ArticleВОПРОСЫ ТЕОРИИISSUES OF THEORYЭкономические стимулы и общественно ориентированные предпочтения: субституты или комплементы? Часть 1Economic Incentives and Social Preferences: Substitutes or Complements? (Part 1)БоулзС.BowlesS.bowles@santafe.eduПоланья-РейесС.Polanía-ReyesS.noemail@neicon.ruИнститут Санта Фе (Нью-Мехико, США), Университет Сиены (Сиена, Италия)Соединённые Штаты АмерикиSanta Fe Institute (New Mexico, United States); University of Siena (Siena, Italy)United StatesУниверситет Сиены, Университетский колледж Лондона (Лондон, Великобритания)ВеликобританияUniversity of Siena (Siena, Italy); University College London (London, UK)United Kingdom201320042013042448Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20132013Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/526

Прямые экономические стимулы создаются с целью увеличить вклад людей в общественные блага и стимулировать другие формы просоциального поведения. Но иногда они оказываются контрпродуктивными или менее эффективными в окружении индивидов, заботящихся только о собственной выгоде. Это может происходить потому, что стимулы отрицательно влияют на альтруизм, этические нормы, внутренние мотивы служить обществу, а также на другие общественно ориентированные предпочтения индивидов. Установлено, что существует и положительное воздействие стимулов, впрочем, менее распространенное, чем их негативные эффекты.

Explicit economic incentives designed to increase contributions to public goods and to promote other pro-social behavior sometimes are counterproductive or less effective than would be predicted among entirely self-interested individuals. This may occur when incentives adversely affect individuals’ altruism, ethical norms, intrinsic motives to serve the public, and other social preferences. The opposite also occurs—crowding in — though it appears less commonly.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.