<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2025-3-115-136</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-5194</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИКА ТРУДА И СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LABOR AND SOCIAL ECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Удовлетворенность жизнью в период пандемии среди разных доходных групп в России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Life satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic among different income groups in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1756-1122</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербак</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbak</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щербак Андрей Николаевич, к. пол. н., замзаведующего лабораторией сравнительных социальных исследований имени Р. Ф. Инглхарта (ЛССИ) НИУ ВШЭ</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ascherbak@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3856-2503</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петров Иван Игоревич, м. н. с. ЛССИ НИУ ВШЭ</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ipetrov@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HSE University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>115</fpage><lpage>136</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5194">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5194</self-uri><abstract><p>Изучается связь между уровнем дохода и удовлетворенностью жизнью в период пандемии коронавируса в России. Вызванные пандемией ограничительные меры привели к экономическому кризису, который проявился в падении занятости и доходов. Правительства разных стран ответили на эти вызовы принятием антикризисных пакетов помощи, направленных на поддержку особо уязвимых групп. Если на макроуровне эффекты этих мер более понятны, то на индивидуальном уровне не всегда ясны. Хотя очевидно, что граждане из высокодоходных групп лучше справились с пандемией, неясно, что стало причиной: разные риски заболеть, потерять работу или разный уровень тревожности. Используя данные четырех волн проекта «Ценности в кризисе», с помощью методов Т-тестов, анализа главных компонент и панельной регрессии показано, что наиболее сильное влияние на удовлетворенность жизнью условно «богатых» и условно «бедных» оказывает именно рост тревожности. Полученные выводы важны для понимания оптимизации преодоления неравенства, особенно в период внешних шоков.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper examines the relationship between income inequality and life satisfaction during the coronavirus pandemic in Russia. The restrictive measures caused by the pandemic led to an economic crisis, which manifested itself including falling employment and incomes. Governments responded to these challenges by adopting anti-crisis aid packages, aimed at supporting particularly vulnerable groups. While the effects of these measures are better understood at the macro level, gaps remain at the individual level. Although it is clear that citizens from high-income groups have coped better with the pandemic, it remains unclear which mechanism is responsible for this: differences in the risks of getting sick, the risks of losing a job, or differences in anxiety levels. Using data from four waves of the Values in Crisis project, we use T-tests, principal component analysis, and panel regression to show that the strongest mechanism explaining the difference in life satisfaction between the “rich” and the “poor” is the increase in anxiety. The findings are important for understanding the optimization of overcoming inequality, especially during periods of external shocks.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пандемия COVID-19</kwd><kwd>неравенство</kwd><kwd>удовлетворенность жизнью</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19 pandemic</kwd><kwd>inequality</kwd><kwd>life satisfaction</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках гранта, предоставленного Министерством науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (№ соглашения о предоставлении гранта: 075-15-2020-928).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Афанасьева Ю. А., Соколов Б. О., Широканова А.А. (2024). Изменчивость ковид скептических установок в России: результаты анализа двух волн лонгитюдного опроса «Ценности в кризисе» // Мониторинг общественного мнения: экономические и социальные перемены. № 2. С. 53—77. https://doi.org/10.14515/monitoring.2024.2.2523</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Afanasyeva Y. A., Sokolov B. O., Shirokanova A. A. (2024). Variability of COVID skeptical attitudes in Russia: Findings from two waves of the “Values in Crisis” longitudinal survey. Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes, No. 2, рр. 53—77. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.14515/monitoring.2024.2.2523</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бекова С. К., Терентьев Е. А., Малошонок Н. Г. (2021). Образовательное неравенство в условиях пандемии COVID-19: связь социально-экономического положения семьи и опыта дистанционного обучения студентов // Вопросы образования. № 1. С. 74—92. https://doi.org/10.17323/1814-9545-2021-1-74-92</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bekova S. K., Terentev E. A.. Maloshonok N. G. (2021). Educational inequality and COVID-19 pandemic: Relationship between the family socio-economic status and student experience of remote learning. Educational Studies, No. 1, pp. 74—92. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.17323/1814-9545-2021-1-74-92</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бессонова Е. В., Мякишева С. М., Цветкова А. Н. (2021). Кто выходит с рынка в период пандемии // Вопросы экономики. № 10. C. 113—133. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2021-10-113-133</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bessonova E. V. Myakisheva S. M., Tsvetkova A. N. (2023). Market exits during the pandemic. Voprosy Ekonomiki, No. 10, pp. 113—133. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2021-10-113-133</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бессонова Е. В., Цветкова А. Н. (2023). Финансовое поведение домохозяйств в период пандемии // Вопросы экономики. № 8. C. 123—146. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2023-8-123-146</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bessonova E. V., Tsvetkova A. N. (2023). Russian households’ finances during the pandemic. Voprosy Ekonomiki, No. 8, pp. 123—146. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2023-8-123-146</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Говорова Н. В. (2021). Бедность и неравенство: вызовы пандемии COVID-19 // Общественные науки и современность. № 3. С. 75—87. https://doi.org/10.31857/S086904990015422-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Govorova N. V. (2021). Poverty and inequality: Challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. Obshchestvennye Nauki i Sovremennost, No. 3, pp. 75—87. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.31857/S086904990015422-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Григорьев Л. М., Ёлкина З. С., Медникова П. А., Серова Д. А., Стародубцева М. Ф., Филиппова Е. С. (2021). «Идеальный шторм» личного потребления // Вопросы экономики. № 10. C. 27—50. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2021-10-27-50</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grigoryev L. M., Elkina Z. S., Mednikova P. A., Serova D. A., Starodubtseva M. F., Filippova E. S. (2021). The perfect storm of personal consumption. Voprosy Ekonomiki, No. 10, pp. 27—50. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2021-10-27-50</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дитон А. (2016). Великий побег: здоровье, богатство и истоки неравенства. М.: Изд во Института Гайдара.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deaton A. (2016). The great escape: Нealth, wealth, and the origins of inequality. Moscow: Gaidar Institute Publ. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Епихина Ю. Б., Черныш М. Ф., Сушко П. Е., Шилова В. А., Лысухо А. С. (2020). Субъективное и объективное благополучие в современном российском обществе: результаты эмпирического исследования // Информационно-аналитический бюллетень (ИНАБ). № 1. https://doi.org/10.19181/INAB.2020.1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Epikhina Y. B., Chernysh M. F., Sushko P. E., Shilova V. A., Lysukho A. S. (2020). Subjective and objective well-being in contemporary Russian society: An empirical perspective. Information-Analytical Bulletin (INAB), No. 1. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.19181/INAB.2020.1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захаров Н. Г., Шадрина Е. М. (2022). Субъективное благополучие населения Вологодской области в условиях пандемии COVID-19 // Вопросы территориального развития. Т. 10, № 2. С. 1—15. https://doi.org/10.15838/tdi.2022.2.62.10</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakharov N. G., Shadrina E. M. (2022). Subjective well-being of the Vologda Oblast рopulation under COVID-19 pandemic conditions. Territorial Development Issues, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 1—15. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.15838/tdi.2022.2.62.10</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ибрагимова З. Ф. (2021). Неравенство и пандемия Covid-19: вопросы взаимосвязи // Экономика и управление: научно-практический журнал. № 6. С. 19—23. https://doi.org/10.34773/EU.2021.6.2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ibragimova Z. F. (2021). Inequality and the COVID-19 pandemic: Issues of interconnection. Economics and Management: Scientific and Practical Journal, No. 6, pp. 19—23. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.34773/EU.2021.6.2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Канаш Э. Ш. (2021). Проблема неравенства в неформальном секторе экономики в условиях пандемии COVID-19 // Экономика труда. Т. 8, № 9. С. 1003—1018https://doi.org/10.18334/et.8.9.113566</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanash E. S. (2021). Тhe problem of inequality in the informal economy amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Russian Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 8, No. 9, pp. 1003—1018. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.18334/et.8.9.113566</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колесникова Н. Д. (2021). Воздействие коронакризиса на социальное благополучие работающих россиян // Теория и практика общественного развития. № 12 (166). С. 41—50. https://doi.org/10.24158/tipor.2021.12.5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolesnikova N. D. (2021). The coronacrisis impact on the social well-being of the employed Russians. Theory and Practice of Social Development, No. 12, pp. 41—50. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.24158/tipor.2021.12.5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Корсунова В. И., Соколов Б. О. (2022). Ценностные установки россиян: сравнение результатов онлайн- и офлайн-опросов // Мониторинг общественного мнения: экономические и социальные перемены. № 3. С. 4—27. https://doi.org/10.14515/monitoring.2022.3.2083</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korsunova V. I., Sokolov B. O. (2022). Value оrientations in Russia: Comparing evidence from online and face-toface surveys. Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes, No. 3, pp. 4—27. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.14515/monitoring.2022.3.2083</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кубишин Е. С., Седлов А., Соболева И. В. (2021). Проблема бедности в Российской Федерации в социально-профессиональном и региональном аспектах в условиях пандемии // Общество и экономика. № 3. С. 64—77. https://doi.org/10.31857/S020736760014260-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kubishin E. S., Sedlov A., Soboleva I. V. (2021). Social, professional, and personal aspects of poverty in the Russian Federation during the pandemic. Society and Economy, No. 3, pp. 64—77. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.31857/S020736760014260-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ларин А. В., Филясов С. В. (2018). Парадокс Истерлина и адаптация в России // Экономический журнал Высшей школы экономики. Т. 22, №. 1. С. 59—83. https://doi.org/10.17323/1813-8691-2018-22-1-59-83</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Larin A. V., Filyasov S. V. (2018). Adaptation and the Easterlin paradox in Russia. Economic Journal of the Higher School of Economics, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 59—83. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.17323/1813-8691-2018-22-1-59-83</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мау В. А. (2022). Экономическая политика в условиях пандемии: опыт 2021— 2022 гг. // Вопросы экономики. № 3. C. 5—28. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2022-3-5-28</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mau V. A. (2022). Economic policy in times of the pandemic: The experience of 2021—2022. Voprosy Ekonomiki, No. 3, pp. 5—28. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2022-3-5-28</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нуреев Р. М., Ахмадеев Д. Р. (2021). Современный кризис и его влияние на неформальную занятость в России // Вопросы регулирования экономики. Т. 12, № 1. С. 6—22. https://doi.org/10.17835/2078-5429. 2021.12.1.006-022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nureev R. M., Akhmadeev D. R. (2021). Тhe contemporary crisis and its influence on informal employment in Russia. Journal of Economic Regulation, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 6—22. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.17835/2078-5429. 2021.12.1.006-022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Понарин Э. Д., Климова А. М., Соколов Б. О. (2020). Values in crisis—international. Ценности в кризис (данные по российской выборке). 2020 г.: База данных.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ponarin E. D., Klimova A. M., Sokolov B. O. (2020). Values in crisis—international (Russian sample). 2020: Dataset. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Понарин Э. Д., Соколов Б. О., Климова А. М. (2021a). Values in crisis—international. Ценности в кризис (данные по российской выборке). 2021 г.: База данных.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ponarin E. D., Sokolov B. O., Klimova A. M. (2021a). Values in crisis — international (Russian sample). 2021: Dataset. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Понарин Э. Д., Соколов Б. О., Климова А. М. (2021b). Values in crisis—international. Ценности в кризис (данные по российской выборке). Осень 2021 г.: База данных</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ponarin E. D., Sokolov B. O., Klimova A. M. (2021b). Values in crisis—international (Russian sample). Autumn 2021: Dataset. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пряжникова О. Н. (2021). Пандемия COVID-19 и усиление гендерного неравенства // Социальные и гуманитарные науки. Отечественная и зарубежная литература. Сер. 11: Социология. № 2. С. 66—74. https://doi.org/10.31249/rsoc/2021.02.06</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pryazhnikova O. N. (2021). The COVID-19 pandemic and growing gender inequality. Social Sciences and Humanities. Domestic and Foreign Literature. Series 11: Sociology, No. 2, pp. 66—74. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.31249/rsoc/2021.02.06</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рассказова Е. И., Леонтьев Д. А., Лебедева А. А. (2020). Пандемия как вызов субъективному благополучию: тревога и совладание // Консультативная психология и психотерапия. Т. 28, № 2. С. 90—108. https://doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2020280205</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rasskazova E. I., Leontiev D. A., Lebedeva A. A. (2020). Pandemic as a challenge to subjective well-being: Anxiety and сoping. Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy, Vol. 28, No. 2, рр. 90—108. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2020280205</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Соболева Н. Э., Соколов Б. О. (2021). Изменение статуса на рынке труда в период пандемии COVID-19 и субъективное благополучие россиян // Вопросы экономики. № 12. C. 139—153. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2021-12-139-153</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soboleva N. E., Sokolov B. O. (2021). Changes in the labor market status during the COVID-19 pandemic and subjective well-being of Russians. Voprosy Ekonomiki, No. 12, pp. 139—153. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2021-12-139-153</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Танасова А. С., Соколова Е. Ю., Шандра И. Г., Чигирева А. В. (2023). Налоговый и ¬валютный факторы неравенства (к постановке проблемы) // Вопросы экономики. № 1. C. 146—159. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2023-1-146-159</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tanasova A. S., Sokolova E. Y., Shandra I. G., Chigireva A. V. (2023). Tax and foreign exchange factors of inequality (To posing a problem). Voprosy Ekonomiki, No. 1, pp. 146—159. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2023-1-146-159</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фрейхе С., Матыцин М. С., Попова Д. О. (2023). Влияние экономического кризиса, вызванного пандемией COVID-19, и антикризисных мер на распределение доходов в России // Вопросы экономики. № 2. C. 43—60. https:// doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2023-2-43-60</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Freije S., Matytsin M. S., Popova D. O. (2023). The distributional impacts of the COVID-19 crisis and policy response in Russia. Voprosy Ekonomiki, No. 2, pp. 43—60. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2023-2-43-60</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чернышов М. М., Усманов Д. И. (2020). Оценка влияния последствий пандемии коронавируса COVID-19 на социально-экономическое неравенство населения России // Проблемы рыночной экономики. № 3. С. 31—48. https://doi.org/10.33051/2500-2325-2020-3-31-48</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chernyshev M. M., Usmanov D. I. (2020). Assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social and economic inequality of the Russian population. Problems of Market Economy, No. 3, pp. 31—48. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.33051/2500-2325-2020-3-31-48</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ali S., Asaria M., Stranges S. (2020). COVID-19 and inequality: Аre we all in this together? Canadian Journal of Public Health, Vol. 111, pp. 415—416. https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-020-00351-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ali S., Asaria M., Stranges S. (2020). COVID-19 and inequality: Аre we all in this together? Canadian Journal of Public Health, Vol. 111, pp. 415—416. https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-020-00351-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deaton A. (2021). COVID-19 and global income inequality. LSE Public Policy Review, Vol. 1, No. 4, article 1. https://doi.org/10.31389/lseppr.26</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deaton A. (2021). COVID-19 and global income inequality. LSE Public Policy Review, Vol. 1, No. 4, article 1. https://doi.org/10.31389/lseppr.26</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diener E., Oishi S., Tay L. (2018). Advances in subjective well-being research. Nature Human Behaviour, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 253—260. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0307-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diener E., Oishi S., Tay L. (2018). Advances in subjective well-being research. Nature Human Behaviour, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 253—260. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0307-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Easterlin R. A., O’Connor K. J. (2022). The Easterlin paradox. In: K. F. Zimmermann (ed.). Handbook of labor, human resources and population economics. Cham: Springer, pp. 1—25. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_184-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Easterlin R. A., O’Connor K. J. (2022). The Easterlin paradox. In: K. F. Zimmermann (ed.). Handbook of labor, human resources and population economics. Cham: Springer, pp. 1—25. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_184-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Engzell P., Frey, A., Verhagen M. D. (2020). Learning loss due to school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Available at SocArXiv: https://doi.org/10.31235/ osf.io/ve4z7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Engzell P., Frey, A., Verhagen M. D. (2020). Learning loss due to school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Available at SocArXiv: https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/ve4z7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ESS (2023). ESS round 10—2020: Democracy, digital social contacts. European Social Survey European Research Infrastructure (ESS ERIC). https://doi.org/10.21338/ NSD-ESS10-2020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ESS (2023). ESS round 10—2020: Democracy, digital social contacts. European Social Survey European Research Infrastructure (ESS ERIC). https://doi.org/10.21338/ NSD-ESS10-2020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Furceri D., Loungani P., Ostry J. D., Pizzuto P. (2022). Will COVID-19 have long-lasting effects on inequality? Evidence from past pandemics. Journal of Economic Inequality, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 811—839. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-022-09540-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Furceri D., Loungani P., Ostry J. D., Pizzuto P. (2022). Will COVID-19 have long-lasting effects on inequality? Evidence from past pandemics. Journal of Economic Inequality, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 811—839. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-022-09540-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haerpfer C., Inglehart R., Moreno A., Welzel C., Kizilova K., Diez-Medrano J., Lagos M., Norris P., Ponarin E., Puranen B. (eds.) (2022). World values survey: Round seven — country-pooled datafile. Madrid and Vienna: JD Systems Institute and WVSA Secretariat. https://doi.org/10.14281/18241.1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haerpfer C., Inglehart R., Moreno A., Welzel C., Kizilova K., Diez-Medrano J., Lagos M., Norris P., Ponarin E., Puranen B. (eds.) (2022). World values survey: Round seven — country-pooled datafile. Madrid and Vienna: JD Systems Institute and WVSA Secretariat. https://doi.org/10.14281/18241.1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Helliwell J. F., Barrington-Leigh C. P. (2010). Measuring and understanding subjective well-being. Canadian Journal of Economics, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 729—753. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5982.2010.01592.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Helliwell J. F., Barrington-Leigh C. P. (2010). Measuring and understanding subjective well-being. Canadian Journal of Economics, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 729—753. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5982.2010.01592.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Helliwell J. F., Huang H., Wang S. (2014). Social capital and well-being in times of crisis. Journal of Happiness Studies, Vol. 15, pp. 145—162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-013-9441-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Helliwell J. F., Huang H., Wang S. (2014). Social capital and well-being in times of crisis. Journal of Happiness Studies, Vol. 15, pp. 145—162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-013-9441-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mareeva S. V., Slobodenyuk E. D. (2020). A society of unstable wellbeing: Income mobility and immobility in Russia. Higher School of Economics Research Paper, No. WP BRP. 94/SOC/2020. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3697362</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mareeva S. V., Slobodenyuk E. D. (2020). A society of unstable wellbeing: Income mobility and immobility in Russia. Higher School of Economics Research Paper, No. WP BRP. 94/SOC/2020. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3697362</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McGreal C. (2020). The inequality virus: How the pandemic hit America’s poorest. The Guardian, April 9. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/09/america-inequality-laid-bare-coronavirus</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McGreal C. (2020). The inequality virus: How the pandemic hit America’s poorest. The Guardian, April 9. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/09/america-inequality-laid-bare-coronavirus</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scheidel W. (2017). The great leveller. Violence and the history of inequality from the stone-age to the twenty-first century. Princeton: Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400884605</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scheidel W. (2017). The great leveller. Violence and the history of inequality from the stone-age to the twenty-first century. Princeton: Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400884605</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
