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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2025-2-19-38</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-5084</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИКРОЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MICROECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Демография организаций в промышленности России в контексте специфики малого бизнеса: свет в конце туннеля?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Firm demography in Russian industry in the context of small business specifics: Is there a silver lining?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3589-8386</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подшивалова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Podshivalova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Подшивалова Мария Владимировна, д.э.н., проф. кафедры «Экономика и финансы»</p><p>Челябинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">podshivalovamv@susu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1763-2306</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вайсман</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vaisman</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вайсман Елена Давидовна, д. э. н., проф. кафедры «Экономика и финансы»</p><p>Челябинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vaismaned@susu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8302-2752</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подшивалов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Podshivalov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Подшивалов Дмитрий Викторович, к. э. н., доцент кафедры «Современные образовательные технологии»</p><p>Челябинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">podshivalovdv@susu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южно-Уральский государственный университет (Национальный исследовательский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>South Ural State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5084">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5084</self-uri><abstract><p>Проведена эмпирическая оценка демографических изменений в обрабатывающих отраслях промышленности РФ. Основной акцент сделан на процессах ликвидации бизнеса и на изучении структуры закрываемых фирм. Эмпирическую базу исследования составили данные Росстата и ЦБ РФ за 2005—2023 гг., а также данные выборки из 262,4 тыс. предприятий обрабатывающей промышленности России, ликвидированных в 2016—2023 гг. Использованы методы фундаментального анализа и контекстно-структурного подхода: исследование проведено на макроуровне, отраслевом и уровне отдельных предприятий в разрезе коэффициентов рождаемости и смертности бизнеса, доли активных и умерших фирм; проанализирована структура ликвидируемых фирм по причинам закрытия, возрасту и степени экономиче ской активности. Рассчитан модифицированный коэффициент ликвидации в промышленности, учитывающий закрытие экономически активных предприятий, что наносит реальный ущерб экономике. Его значение оказалось в десятки раз ниже коэффициента официальной ликвидации организаций Росстата. Расчеты показывают, что устоявшееся мнение о негативных трендах в демографии российского бизнеса нельзя считать объективным, поскольку значение коэффициента ликвидации организаций завышено, а тенденция его роста в 85% случаях объясняется исключением из ЕГРЮЛ экономически неактивных фирм (с нулевыми балансами и фирм-однодневок).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this article, an empirical assessment of demographic changes in Russian manufacturing industries has been carried out for the first time. We mainly focus on the analysis of business death and the structural analysis of closed firms. The empirical basis for the study was provided by data from Rosstat and the Central Bank of Russia for 2005—2023, as well as a sample of 262,719 Russian manufacturing enterprises that were liquidated between 2016 and 2022. Methods of fundamental analysis, contextual, and structural approaches were used: the study was conducted at both the macro-level and the industry and individual enterprise levels, considering business birth and death rates, proportions of active and inactive firms, and the structure of closed companies by age, closure type, and degree of activity. The calculation of a modified death rate in industry has been carried out, taking into account the closure of only those enterprises whose death causes real damage to the economy. Its value turned out to be ten times lower than the traditional Rosstat coefficient. This proves that the well-established opinion about negative trends in business demography in Russia cannot be considered objective, as the death rate has been overestimated, and the trend towards its growth in most cases is due to the exclusion of economically inactive firms from USRLE (with zero balance sheets and fly-by-night companies).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>демография организаций</kwd><kwd>бизнес-демография</kwd><kwd>экономическая активность</kwd><kwd>обрабатывающая промышленность</kwd><kwd>малый бизнес</kwd><kwd>теневая активность</kwd><kwd>фирмы-однодневки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>firm demography</kwd><kwd>business demography</kwd><kwd>economic activity</kwd><kwd>manufacturing industry</kwd><kwd>small business</kwd><kwd>shadow activity</kwd><kwd>fly-by-night companies</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белицкая О. 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