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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2025-1-71-91</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-5075</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИКА ТРУДА И СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LABOR AND SOCIAL ECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние искусственного интеллекта на структуру и содержание вакансий на российском рынке труда</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The artificial intelligence impact on Russian labor market</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2705-0695</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скоробогатов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skorobogatov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Скоробогатов Александр Сергеевич, к. э. н., доцент, проф. департамента экономики,</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander S. Skorobogatov,</p><p>Saint Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">skorobogat@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9300-1446</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свиридов</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sviridov</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Свиридов Олег Игоревич, преподаватель департамента экономики, стажер-исследователь международной лаборатории теории игр и принятия решений,</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg I. Sviridov,</p><p>Saint Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oisviridov4444@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HSE University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>71</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5075">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/5075</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследуется связь между искусственным интеллектом и уровнем и характером занятости. В качестве теоретической основы использована модель Асемоглу и др., которая описывает противоположные от внедрения алгоритмов искусственного интеллекта на занятость рабочей силы на уровне фирмы эффекты — замещения и дополнения/производительности. В зависимости от их относительного значения внедрение алгоритмов может уменьшать или увеличивать занятость. По данным о примерно 3,5 млн вакансий для почти 35 тыс. фирм, которые опубликованы на сайте HeadHunter до весны 2022 г., проверен совокупный эффект. Согласно полученным результатам, наличие у фирм задач, для выполнения которых алгоритмы искусственного интеллекта могли бы заменить труд людей, положительно коррелирует с количеством публикуемых вакансий, связанных с обслуживанием этих алгоритмов, что говорит в пользу эффекта замещения. Менее интуитивный результат состоит в том, что благодаря наличию тех же задач растет занятость, не связанная с алгоритмами, что говорит о действии эффектов дополнения и производительности. Положительная зависимость между замещаемыми задачами и общей занятостью интерпретируется как свидетельство в пользу положительного общего эффекта внедрения алгоритмов в отношении занятости.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper studies the association between the artificial intelligence (AI) and employment characteristics. As a theoretical framework, we use the Acemoglu et al. model, which introduces opposing effects of the AI algorithms on labor employment on the firm level such as substitution effect and complimentary/ productivity effects. Depending on their relative strength, the AI algorithms may both decrease and increase employment. The overall effect is estimated using the data on 3.5 million of vacancies for about 35 thousand firms published up to 2022 spring on the HeadHunter website. According to the results, the existence of tasks realizable using AI is consistent with a higher AI employment, which implies the substitution effect. The other, less intuitive, result is that the same tasks suggest a higher non-AI employment, supports complimentary/productivity effects. The overall employment effect is positive as follows from the positive AI tasks—total employment association.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>рынок труда</kwd><kwd>занятость</kwd><kwd>алгоритмы</kwd><kwd>автоматизация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>labor market</kwd><kwd>employment</kwd><kwd>algorithms</kwd><kwd>automatization</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">В статье использованы результаты проекта «Природа в оптике цифровой культуры: парадоксы, гибриды, фантазмы», выполненного в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ в 2024 г. Авторы благодарят Д. Бондаренко и Д. Бухаринову за помощь в подготовке базы данных.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was prepared within the framework of the HSE University Basic Research Program.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волгин А. Д., Гимпельсон В. Е. (2022). Спрос на навыки: анализ на основе онлайн данных о вакансиях // Экономический журнал Высшей школы экономики. Т. 26, № 3. С. 343—374. [Volgin A. D., Gimpelson V. E. (2022). Demand for skills: Analysis using online vacancy data. HSE Economic Journal, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 343—374. (In Russian).] http://doi.org/10.17323/1813-8691-2022-263-343-374</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Волгин А. Д., Гимпельсон В. Е. (2022). Спрос на навыки: анализ на основе онлайн данных о вакансиях // Экономический журнал Высшей школы экономики. Т. 26, № 3. С. 343—374. [Volgin A. D., Gimpelson V. 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