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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2024-8-140-158</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-4955</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИСКУССИОННЫЙ КЛУБ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DEBATING SOCIETY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Что первично: определенность целей или ограниченность средств?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>What comes first: Certainty of goals or scarcity of means?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6246-0713</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гребнев</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grebnev</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гребнев Леонид Сергеевич - д. э. н., проф., профессор-исследователь департамента теоретической экономики факультета экономических наук НИУ ВШЭ.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leonid S. Grebnev.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lgrebnev@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HSE University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>140</fpage><lpage>158</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/4955">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/4955</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье продолжается обсуждение темы совершенствования высшего образования, начатое на страницах журнала «Вопросы экономики» в 2023 г. Особое внимание уделено содержанию вводного курса, в котором должны быть комплексно представлены базовые понятия, отражающие реалии хозяйствования: принятие решений в условиях ограниченности ресурсов и неопределенности; издержки упущенной выгоды; затраты и результаты в реальном времени; интересы; мировая экономика. Отмечена важность различий аналитической (островной) и континентальной техник мышления, которые используются представителями разных научных школ, а также в практике хозяйствования. Разработчики вводных учебников по экономике должны учитывать мировоззренческий аспект предлагаемого для изучения материала, тем самым способствуя устранению критики, которой подвергаются существующие учебники со стороны ряда авторитетных ученых, включая лауреатов премии по экономике памяти А. Нобеля. Предлагается также гораздо больше внимания на вводном уровне уделять понятию «неопределенность».</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article continues the discussion of the topic of improving higher education, which started on the pages of the journal „Voprosy Ekonomiki“ at the end of 2023. Special attention is paid to the content of the introductory course, which should comprehensively present basic concepts reflecting the realities of business: decision-making in conditions of scarce resources and uncertainty; opportunity costs; input and output/outcomes in real time; interests; the world economy. The importance of understanding the differences between „island“ and „continental“ thinking techniques, which are used by representatives of different scientific schools, as well as in business practice, is noted. According to the author, the developers of introductory textbooks on economics should also take into account the ideological aspect of the material proposed for study, and thereby contribute to eliminating the criticism that existing textbooks are subject to from a number of reputable orthodox scientists. It is also proposed to pay much more attention to the concept of „uncertainty“ at the introductory level.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ограниченность ресурсов</kwd><kwd>альтернативные издержки</kwd><kwd>эффект дохода</kwd><kwd>эффект замещения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>scarce resources</kwd><kwd>opportunity costs</kwd><kwd>income effect</kwd><kwd>substitution effect</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Автор благодарен к. э. н. 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