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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2013-1-4-26</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-495</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВОПРОСЫ ТЕОРИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ISSUES OF THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Теория и практика двусторонних рынков  (Нобелевская премия по экономике 2012 года)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Two-Sided Markets: Theory and Applications  (Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics 2012)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Железова</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhelesova</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>специалист Schneider Electric (Москва)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Измалков</surname><given-names>С. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Izmalkov</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD, проф. Российской экономической школы (Москва)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сонин</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sonin</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ф.-м.н., проф., проректор Российской экономической школы</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ksonin@nes.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хованская</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khovanskaya</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ф.‑м.н., проф. Российской экономической школы, сотрудник ИНИИ ВШЭ (Москва)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Schneider Electric (Москва)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Schneider Electric (Moscow, Russia)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская экономическая школа (Москва)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>New Economic School (Moscow, Russia)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская экономическая школа (Москва); ИНИИ ВШЭ (Москва)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics (Moscow, Russia)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>01</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2013</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/495">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/495</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье обсуждаются основные результаты теории двусторонних рынков, за которую Ллойд Шепли и Элвин Рот получили в 2012 г. Нобелевскую премию в области экономики. Подробно описаны знаменитый алгоритм «отложенного согласия», предложенный Гейлом и Шепли, а также алгоритм главных циклов Шепли — Скарфа в применении к брачным рынкам и к проблеме распределения абитуриентов по вузам. На простых примерах показано, как работают эти алгоритмы. Обсуждается, как алгоритм Гейла — Шепли может использоваться для повышения эффективности при поступлении абитуриентов в российские вузы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper provides an overview of major results in the theory of two-sided markets that brought the 2012 Nobel Memorial Prize in economics to Lloyd Shapley and Alvin Roth. We describe the celebrated Gale &amp; Shapley deferred acceptance algorithm and Shapley &amp; Scarf top trading cycles algorithm in applications to marriage and college admissions markets, and provide simple examples to illustrate the basic mechanics of these algorithms. We also explain how Gale &amp; Shapley algorithm can be used to improve efficiency of college admission in Russia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>двусторонние рынки</kwd><kwd>алгоритм Гейла — Шепли</kwd><kwd>рынок труда</kwd><kwd>дизайн механизмов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>two-sided markets</kwd><kwd>Gale — Shapley algorithm</kwd><kwd>labor market</kwd><kwd>mechanism design</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Данилов В. И., Сотсков А. И. (1991). Механизмы группового выбора. М.: Наука.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Danilov V. I., Sotskov A. I. (1991). Choice Mechanisms. Moscow: Nauka.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Польдин О. В. (2007). 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