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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2024-1-115-136</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-4610</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВОПРОСЫ ТЕОРИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ISSUES OF THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Теория фирмы и феномен инкапсуляции знания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Knowledge-based view of the firm and the phenomenon of knowledge encapsulation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6005-6693</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мальцев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maltsev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мальцев Владимир Владимирович, к. э. н., лектор Бизнес-школы Адама Смита</p><p>Глазго</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Glasgow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vmaltsev92@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5011-9830</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юданов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudanov</surname><given-names>A. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юданов Андрей Юрьевич, д. э. н., проф., ординарный профессор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yudanov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Глазго</institution><country>Великобритания</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of Glasgow</institution><country>United Kingdom</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовый университет при Правительстве РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>115</fpage><lpage>136</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/4610">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/4610</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье развивается знаниевый подход к теории фирмы (knowledge-based view of the firm — KBV). Это направление рассматривает знание как наиболее важный ресурс фирмы и связывает ее конкурентоспособность в первую очередь с эффективным управлением им. Отмечено, что современный мейнстрим KBV видит природу фирмы в эффективной интеграции знаний ее специалистов. Предложено дополнить этот анализ второй важной функцией фирмы — ее ролью в качестве инкапсулятора знания. Основы такого подхода заложены Г. Демсецем, однако до сих пор не получили развития в литературе. Суть инкапсуляции заключается в свертывании полного знания до алгоритма действий, достаточного для достижения цели, что возможно, скажем, с помощью инструкций, приказаний руководства, встроенной в конструкцию «защиты от дурака» и др. Составитель инструкции не интегрирует свое знание со знанием ее исполнителя, а предписывает последнему беспрекословное выполнение алгоритма поведения. Тем самым достигается огромная экономия издержек по подготовке исполнителей. Рассмотрен предельный случай — схема функционирования фирмы как чистого инкапсулятора знания, обосновано марковское свойство процесса. Выявлена роль предпринимателя в качестве архитектора и управителя схемы инкапсуляции знания. Проанализированы негативные стороны производства с широким использованием инкапсулированного (не полного — делаешь то, сути чего не понимаешь) знания. В частности, обсуждаются нетворческий характер труда на фирме-инкапсуляторе (частное проявление которого — медленное распространение горизонтальных, или бирюзовых, фирм) и угроза дисквалификации исполнителей при сочетании инкапсуляции с искусственным интеллектом</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the development of the knowledge-based approach to the theory of the firm (KBV). It is noted that the modern mainstream KBV (R. Grant (1996) and numerous followers) sees the nature of the firm in effective integration of the knowledge of specialists employed in it. The article proposes to supplement this analysis with the second important function of the firm — its role as an encapsulator of knowledge. The foundations of such an approach to knowledge were laid by H. Demsetz, but have not yet been developed in the literature. The essence of encapsulation is to reduce complete knowledge to an algorithm of actions sufficient to achieve the goal, which is possible, say, with the help of instructions, directions of the manager, built in constructive “foolproofing”, etc. The compiler of the instruction does not integrate his knowledge with the knowledge of its performer, but prescribes the unquestioned implementation of the algorithm of behaviour. Thus, huge cost savings are achieved on the training of performers. The article considers the limiting case — the scheme of the firm functioning as a pure encapsulator of knowledge, the Markov property of the process is substantiated. The role of the entrepreneur as an architect and manager of the knowledge encapsulation scheme is revealed. At the same time, significant negative aspects of production based on the widespread use of encapsulated (incomplete — you do what you do not understand) knowledge are analyzed. In particular, the non-creative nature of labour in the encapsulationbased firm (a particular manifestation of which is the slow spread of horizontally organized or teal firms) and the threat of disqualification of performers when combining encapsulation with artificial intelligence are discussed</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>знание</kwd><kwd>знаниевый подход к теории фирмы</kwd><kwd>KBV</kwd><kwd>интеграция знания</kwd><kwd>инкапсуляция знания</kwd><kwd>распределенное знание</kwd><kwd>издержки знания</kwd><kwd>бирюзовая фирма</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>knowledge</kwd><kwd>knowledge-based view of the firm</kwd><kwd>KBV</kwd><kwd>knowledge integration</kwd><kwd>knowledge encapsulation</kwd><kwd>distributed knowledge</kwd><kwd>knowledge costs</kwd><kwd>teal firm</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Галлай М. 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