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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2024-4-24-37</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-4594</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВОПРОСЫ ТЕОРИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ISSUES OF THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Социальные нормы  и динамика обучения наблюдателей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Social norms and the dynamics of observers' education</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6451-0171</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Букин</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bukin</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Букин Кирилл Александрович - к. ф.­м. н., доцент Департамента теоретической экономики НИУ ВШЭ, доцент кафедры микроэкономики РАНХиГС.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill A. Bukin - Associate Professor, Department of  Theoretical Economics, HSE and Department of Microeconomics, RANEPA.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kbukin@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6910-281X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левин</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levin</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Букин Кирилл Александрович - к. ф.­м. н., доцент Департамента теоретической экономики НИУ ВШЭ, доцент кафедры микроэкономики РАНХиГС.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mark I. Levin - Professor of Department of  Theoretical Economics, HSE and Professor, Chair of the Department of Microeconomics, RANEPASo.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mlevin05@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»; Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HSE University; Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/4594">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/4594</self-uri><abstract><p>Настоящая работа является продолжением цикла исследований конформистского поведения индивидов в рамках модели Бернхайма— Картрайта—Пателя. В указанной модели равновесие с сигнализированием достигалось в ходе оптимального выбора агента, инвестирующего в общественное благо, при наблюдении со стороны агентов, относящихся к двум типам наблюдателей: рациональным и наивным. Рациональные наблюдатели способны правильно распознать тип инвестора, исходя из его вклада, а наивные в силу недостаточности опыта воспринимают инвестирование агента свидетельством присущей ему щедрости. В модели принципиальное значение имеет параметр, отвечающий за восприятие индивидами ценности социально значимого поведения. Тогда при пограничных значениях этого параметра индивид будет или полностью игнорировать мнение окружающих, или вести себя как все. Сохраняя экзогенность этого параметра, оценивается динамика взглядов наивных наблюдателей в ходе общения с рациональными. Предложенная динамическая модель, имеющая вид дифференциального уравнения первого порядка, при достаточно высокой оценке щедрости инвестирования обладает устойчивым стационарным решением, имеющим вид постоянной доли наивных наблюдателей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper presents a dynamical extension of the well­known Bernheim— Cartwright—Patel model of conformism. In this model the signaling equilibrium is a result of the optimal choice of an individual when he/she maximizes his/ her utility by choosing a donation in the amount x. In doing this the individual takes into account the intrinsic utility based on the generosity type t, and social attitude expressed by two types of observers: rational and naïve. Such an attitude significantly depends on social norms in this society and affects the esteem of the individual. Social attitude toward generosity varies within the broad range and at its endpoints leads to either neglect of the society (I do not care what people think of me) or an ideal conformism when a person chooses the same x as the rest of the public. Cartwright and Patel have shown that the presence of the inexperienced observers greatly affects equilibrium. This paper explores the dynamics of the naïve observers when they are informed by the rational ones. The dynamic law in the form of the differential equation was set and the stable steady­state solutions were found. Besides, while working on the dynamic law some clarifications of the preceding results of the original model were done.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>равновесие с сигнализированием</kwd><kwd>стационарное решение</kwd><kwd>конформизм</kwd><kwd>рациональный наблюдатель</kwd><kwd>пороговое значение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>signaling equilibrium</kwd><kwd>steady­state</kwd><kwd>conformism</kwd><kwd>rational observer</kwd><kwd>threshold value</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akerlof G. A. (1997). Social distance and social decisions. Econometrica, Vol. 65, No. 5, pp. 1005—1027. https://doi.org/10.2307/2171877</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">тот же, что и выше</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Azar O. H. (2004). 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