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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2023-12-5-30</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-4578</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИКРОЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MICROECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Российские промышленные компании в условиях «второй волны» санкционных ограничений: стратегии реагирования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian industrial companies under the “second wave” of sanctions: Response strategies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3015-3668</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симачев</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simachev</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Симачев Юрий Вячеславович, к. т. н., директор Центра исследований структурной политики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri V. Simachev</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yusimachev@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2273-0971</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovlev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яковлев Андрей Александрович, к. э. н., приглашенный научный сотрудник в Центре российских и евразийских исследований имени Дэвиса</p><p>Кембридж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei A. Yakovlev</p><p>Cambridge, MA</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andrei_yakovlev@fas.harvard.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5034-9345</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голикова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golikova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Голикова Виктория Владимировна, к. э. н., вед.  н.  с. Центра исследований промышленной политики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria V. Golikova</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">victoria@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2580-0760</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Городный</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorodnyi</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Городный Николай Антонович, м. н. с. Центра исследований структурной политики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay A. Gorodnyi</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">na.gorodnyi@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3250-875X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>Б. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>B. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецов Борис Викторович, к.  э.  н., вед. н. с. Института анализа предприятий и рынков</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris V. Kuznetsov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bkuznetsov@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2971-6718</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузык</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzyk</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузык Михаил Георгиевич, к. э. н., вед.  н.  с. Центра исследований структурной политики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail G. Kuzyk</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mkuzyk@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2405-8106</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федюнина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedyunina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федюнина Анна Андреевна, к. э. н., вед.  н. с. Центра исследований структурной политики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Fedyunina</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">afedyunina@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HSE University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Гарвардский университет</institution><country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies at Harvard University</institution><country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/4578">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/4578</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлены первые результаты анализа влияния «второй волны» санкций 2022 г. на поведение российских компаний, оценены действия бизнеса по адаптации к новым условиям. Основным источником данных стал опрос руководителей 1860 российских предприятий обрабатывающих отраслей промышленности, проведенный в августе—ноябре 2022 г. Несмотря на жесткость и многоплановость санкционных ограничений, 1 /3 компаний не приняли адаптационных мер, в их числе локальные, технологически отсталые фирмы без инновационной активности. В целом фирмы, интегрированные в глобальную экономику, реагировали на новые угрозы активнее, чем предприятия, ориентированные на внутренний рынок. При существенной вариативности действий компаний по адаптации к санкционному шоку выявлены четыре базовые квазистратегии реагирования: (1) связана с сокращением масштабов текущей деятельности, занятых и инвестиций — такие действия чаще прослеживались в отраслях, критически зависящих от участия в глобальных цепочках создания стоимости, в частности в автомобилестроении и деревообработке; (2) включает упрощение продукции для снижения зависимости от импорта, поиск новых рынков и пересмотр направлений инвестирования — данный подход характерен для фармацевтических производств; (3) предполагает перестройку каналов поставок используемых материалов и комплектующих — такая адаптация более заметна среди производителей резиновых и пластмассовых изделий; (4) направлена на разработку новых продуктов и технологий, цифровизацию и расширение взаимодействия с государством — в этом более активны компании, на рынках которых сформировались ниши из-за ухода крупных зарубежных игроков, в частности, мебельной промышленности. В качестве рекомендаций в области государственной антикризисной политики выделены следующие: относительная успешность адаптации компаний в 2022 г. связана с возможностями импортозамещения за счет нахождения российских аналогов, однако в дальнейшем потребуется особый акцент на поддержке разработки отечественных технологий и расширении доступа к технологическим знаниям; при высокой неопределенности важно создавать условия, позволяющие компаниям самостоятельно выстраивать цепочки создания стоимости. Предсказуемость действий государства, определяемая стратегическим видением будущего российской экономики, представляется важным фактором стимулирования частной инициативы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents initial findings of a research project aimed at analyzing the impact of the “second wave” of sanctions in 2022 on the behavior of Russian companies, assesses their actions to adapt to the new conditions. This paper is based on survey data collected from managers of 1860 Russian manufacturing companies between August and November 2022. Despite the severity and scope of the sanctions, one third of the companies did not take adaptation measures, particularly local, technologically backward firms without innovative activity. On the whole, firms integrated into the global economy reacted more actively to new threats than those confined to the domestic market. We found significant variability in companies’ responses to the sanctions shock. Four basic quasistrategies of firms’ response are identified. The first one involved reducing current activities, employment, and investments. These actions were most common in industries integrated into global value chains, notably automotive industry and wood processing. The second strategy included simplifying products to reduce dependence on imports, finding new markets, and changing investment directions — typically seen in pharmaceutical firms. The third one consisted of altering supply channels for materials and components, and it was frequently adopted by manufacturers of rubber and plastic products. The fourth strategy focused on digitalization, developing new products, and increasing interaction with authorities. This was characteristic of industries whose markets have carved out niches due to the exits of major foreign players, in particular, manufacture of furniture. We highlight the following recommendations for the state anti-crisis policy: In 2022, the relative success of companies’ adaptation was associated with the implementation of “easy” import substitution. However, in the future there will be a need to prioritize support for the development of domestic technologies and increased access to knowledge. In conditions of high uncertainty, it is crucial to assist companies in building their own value chains, and predictability of government actions appears to be a significant factor in enhancing private initiative.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>санкционные ограничения</kwd><kwd>глобальные цепочки создания стоимости</kwd><kwd>стратегии адаптации</kwd><kwd>российская экономика</kwd><kwd>обрабатывающая промышленность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sanctions</kwd><kwd>global value chains</kwd><kwd>adaptation strategies</kwd><kwd>Russian economy</kwd><kwd>manufacturing industry</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Голикова В. В., Кузнецов Б. В. (2023). Что день грядущий нам готовит: по кому ударят санкционные ограничения на поставки импортного оборудования? // Журнал Новой экономической ассоциации. № 3. С. 187—196. [Golikova V. 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