voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2024-5-128-153voprecotest-4577Research ArticleЭКОНОМИКА ТРУДА И СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЫLABOR AND SOCIAL ECONOMICSКак измерить неравенство возможностей: индекс осевых институтовHow to measure inequality of opportunity: The axial institutions indexhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-4497РебрейС. М.RebreyS. M.

Ребрей Софья Михайловна - к. э. н., доцент кафедры мировой экономики МГИМО МИД России.

Москва

Sofia M. Rebrey.

Moscow

s.rebrei@inno.mgimo.ruМосковский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) МИД Российской ФедерацииРоссияMGIMO-UniversityRussian Federation20240905202405128153Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20242024Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/4577

Проанализированы индексы и индикаторы гендерного равенства и выработан комплексный подход к измерению равенства возможностей на основе осевых институтов, в которые входят семья, рынок труда, образование, наука, государственное и корпоративное управление. Если существующие гендерные индексы измеряют равенство доступности ресурсов и благ, то индекс осевых институтов измеряет равенство возможностей, основываясь на концепции агентности. Среди главных нововведений: включение института семьи и распределение неоплачиваемого домашнего труда между супругами как основы неравенства возможностей женщин и мужчин; оценка горизонтальной сегрегации на рынках труда и в образовании с помощью подсчета среднего разрыва в доле женщин и мужчин, обучающихся на разных специальностях; включение института науки, в том числе управления наукой, и института корпоративного управления (наряду с государственным). В результате индекс осевых институтов представлен как гексагон, который описывает специфику модели гендерного равенства в России.

The article presents a critical analysis of indices and indicators of gender equality and suggests a new comprehensive approach to measuring gender equality of opportunity within axial institutions, which are family, labor market, education, science, public and corporate governance. Whereas the main gender indices measure inequality of access to resources, the axial institutions index measures equality of opportunity using the concept of agency. The key innovations are as follows: the inclusion of the institution of family and the gender division of unpaid domestic work as the basis for gender inequality of opportunities; horizontal segregation in labor markets and in education by calculating the average gap in the share of women and men with different educational profile; inclusion of an institute of science, including academia decision-making, inclusion of an institute of corporate governance (along with the state one). As a result, the index of axial institutions is visualized in the form of a hexagon, which describes the specifics of the model of gender equality in Russia.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.