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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2018-9-52-69</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-451</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INSTITUTIONAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Научные трансакции  в сравнительной перспективе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transactions in science in comparative perspective</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Олейник</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oleinik</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олейник Антон Николаевич, д. э. н., PhD, проф. Мемориального университета Ньюфаундленда (Сент-Джонс, Канада), вед. н. с. Центрального экономико- математического института РАН.</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aoleynik@mun.ca</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Мемориальный университет Ньюфаундленда; Центральный экономико- математический институт РАН.</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Memorial University of Newfoundland (St. John’s, Canada);  Central Economics and Mathematics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/451">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/451</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье предлагается трансакционный подход к исследованию науки . В его основе лежат такие понятия, как институциональная среда науки и научная трансакция. В качестве примера рассматриваются два типа институциональной среды науки: североамериканский и российский. Они сравниваются с точки зрения влияния на структурирование основных типов научных трансакций (между ученым и коллегой, научным администратором, читателем, студентом и т. д.), величины трансакционных издержек и степени академической свободы, которой обладает ученый. Ни одна из институциональных сред науки предположительно не делает трансакционные издержки ничтожными. Однако степень академической свободы ученого в двух случаях различается, что может сказываться и на результативности исследований.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article develops a transactional approach to studying science. Two concepts play a particularly important role: the institutional environment of science and scientific transaction. As an example, the North-American and Russian institutional environments of science are compared. It is shown that structures of scientific transactions (between peers, between the scholar and the academic administrator, between the professor and the student), transaction costs and the scope of academic freedom differ in these two cases. Transaction costs are non-zero in both cases, however. At the same time, it is hypothesized that a greater scope of academic freedom in the North American case may be a factor contributing to a higher scientific productivity.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>институциональная среда науки</kwd><kwd>научная трансакция</kwd><kwd>трансакционные издержки</kwd><kwd>академическая свобода</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>institutional environment of science</kwd><kwd>scientific transaction</kwd><kwd>transaction costs</kwd><kwd>academic freedom</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абалкина А. А. и др. (2014). Плагиат в науке (круглый стол в РГГУ, 11 июня) // Социологическое обозрение. Т. 13, № 3. C. 193—218</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[Abalkina A. A. et al. (2014). Plagiarism in science: A roundtable, June 11. Sociologicheskoe Obozrenie, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 193—218. 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