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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2023-8-75-99</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-4397</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИКА ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО СЕКТОРА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PUBLIC ECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О реформировании энергетических субсидий для населения России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Reforming energy subsidies for the population of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4662-8326</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хомутов</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khomutov</surname><given-names>I. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хомутов Иван Александрович, генеральный директор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan A. Khomutov </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khomutov@petromarket.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Исследовательская группа «Петромаркет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Petromarket Research Group</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>75</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/4397">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/4397</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе впервые оценены масштабы субсидирования населения России за счет низких цен на продукцию ТЭК (1,76 трлн руб., или 1,3% ВВП России в 2021 г.). Обоснована необходимость реформировать сложившуюся систему субсидирования из-за ряда недостатков (присвоение большей части субсидий наиболее обеспеченными слоями населения, значительные расходы бизнеса на поддержание низких цен на энергетическую продукцию, снижение стимулов к энергосбережению и переходу на «зеленые» технологии у потребителей продукции ТЭК). Подробно обсуждается лежащий в основе субсидирования феномен неявного «общественного договора», в рамках которого государство поддерживает на приемлемом для населения уровне цены на социально значимые товары и услуги в обмен на его лояльность. Анализируются альтернативные варианты реформирования энергетических субсидий для населения. Сделан вывод о целесообразности реформы, предусматривающей полное обнуление субсидий с использованием части высвобождающихся бюджетных ресурсов для увеличения социально ориентированных расходов государства (в качестве их базовой формы рассматриваются адресные социальные выплаты). Предлагаемая схема трактуется как приемлемая для населения смена модели общественного договора: переход от модели «низкие цены на социально значимые товары — низкие социально ориентированные расходы государства» к модели «высокие цены на социально значимые товары — высокие социально ориентированные расходы государства».</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper for the first time estimates the scale of subsidizing the Russian population through low prices for the energy sector products (1.76 trillion rubles, or 1.3% of Russian GDP in 2021). The need to reform the existing subsidy system is justified due to a number of its defects (appropriation of most of the subsidies by the wealthiest population, significant costs of business to maintain low prices for energy products, reduction of incentives for energy saving and transition to green technologies among consumers of the energy sector products). The phenomenon of an implicit “social contract”, in which the state maintains prices for socially important goods and services at a level acceptable for the population in exchange for the loyalty of citizens, is discussed in detail. The paper analyzes alternative options for reforming energy subsidies for the population. The conclusion is made that the most reasonable reform would be one providing for zeroing of subsidies with the use of part of the released budget resources to increase socially oriented government spending (targeted social payments are considered to be the basiс form of such spending). The proposed subsidy reform scheme is interpreted as a change in the social contract model that is acceptable to the public, namely, a shift from the “low prices of socially important goods — low socially important state expenditure” model to the “high prices of socially important goods — high socially important state expenditure” model.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>энергетические субсидии</kwd><kwd>регулирование цен</kwd><kwd>общественный договор</kwd><kwd>социальная политика</kwd><kwd>перекрестное субсидирование в электроэнергетике</kwd><kwd>энергоэффективность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>energy subsidies</kwd><kwd>price regulation</kwd><kwd>social contract</kwd><kwd>social policy</kwd><kwd>cross-subsidizing in the electric power industry</kwd><kwd>energy efficiency</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках программы стратегического академического лидерства «Приоритет 2030» РАНХиГС</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жемкова А. 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