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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2023-6-138-158</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-4374</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИСКУССИОННЫЙ КЛУБ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DEBATING SOCIETY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Авторский капитал и реформирование российской публикационной системы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Authorship capital and reforming the Russian publication system</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6092-6823</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полтерович</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polterovich</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полтерович Виктор Меерович, академик РАН, главный научный сотрудник, руководитель научного направления «Математическая экономика» ЦЭМИ РАН; замдиректора МШЭ МГУ</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor M. Polterovich</p><p>Moscow</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polterov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральный экономико-математический институт РАН; &#13;
Московская школа экономики Московского государственного университета имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences; &#13;
Moscow School of Economics, Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>138</fpage><lpage>158</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/4374">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/4374</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена проблеме совершенствования управления публикационными системами. В их рамках взаимодействуют акторы, которые производят научные публикации, поставляют их читателям, а также финансируют и координируют соответствующие процессы. Подчеркивается, что право собственности на научный текст включает две компоненты: право на денежное вознаграждение за использование статьи потребителем и авторство. Первую компоненту можно передать другому, а вторую — нет. Авторство служит основой для наращивания индивидуального нематериального актива, который мы называем авторским капиталом. Стремление к его увеличению обусловливает двойственную роль автора в публикационной системе: он является не только производителем воплощенного в статье знания, но и, наряду с читателем, его конечным потребителем. Отмечается также двойственная роль журнала: организуя процесс рецензирования, он выступает не только поставщиком статей, но и производителем знания. Эти две особенности порождают многообразные схемы финансирования публикационных систем. Анализируются специфические черты знания как товара и как общественного блага. Одной из них выступает высокий уровень затрат на потребление знания. В силу этого и ряда других обстоятельств рыночная модель финансирования публикационных систем неэффективна, важен переход к открытому доступу. В основе сопоставления больших групп объектов (например, журналов или исследовательских учреждений) неизбежно оказываются показатели цитируемости, в то время как экспертиза способна играть лишь вспомогательную роль. Напротив, когда речь идет о принятии решений внутри малой группы, например, при распределении заданных финансовых средств среди членов лаборатории, решающую роль должны играть экспертные оценки. Обсуждаются направления реформы российской публикационной системы для снижения рентоориентированной активности и повышения адекватности используемых  показателей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the problem of improving the governance of publication systems, within which their actors interact in producing scientific publications, supplying them to readers, as well as in funding and coordinating corresponding processes. It is emphasized that the ownership of a scientific text includes two components: the right to a monetary reward for the use of the article by the consumer and authorship. The first component can be passed to another person, but the second cannot. Authorship is the basis for building up an individual intangible asset, which we call authorship capital. The desire to increase it determines the dual role of the author in the publication system: he is not only a producer of the knowledge embodied in the article, but also, along with the reader, its ultimate consumer. The dual role of the journal is also noted, which, organizing the review process, turns out to be not only a supplier of articles, but also a producer of knowledge. These two features give rise to a variety of possible financing schemes for publishing systems. The specific features of knowledge as a private and public good are analyzed. One of them is the high cost of knowledge consumption. Due to this and a number of other circumstances, the market model for financing publication systems is inefficient; the most important task is the transition to open access. Such a transition should be accompanied by improved methods for evaluating the performance of researchers and the quality of journals. The comparison of large groups of objects (e. g., journals or research institutions) is inevitably based on citation indicators, while expertise can play only a supporting role. On the contrary, when it comes to making decisions within a small group, e. g., when allocating given funds among laboratory members, expert evaluations must play a decisive role. The directions of reform of the Russian publication system are discussed, ensuring the reduction of rent-seeking activity and increasing the adequacy of the indicators used.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>знание</kwd><kwd>библиометрические показатели</kwd><kwd>экспертные оценки</kwd><kwd>рентоориентированное поведение</kwd><kwd>открытый доступ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>knowledge</kwd><kwd>bibliometric indicators</kwd><kwd>expert assessments</kwd><kwd>rentseeking behavior</kwd><kwd>open access</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алескеров Ф. Т., Бадгаева Д. Н., Писляков В. В., Стерлигов И. А., Швыдун С. В. (2016). Значимость основных российских и международных экономических журналов: сетевой анализ // Журнал Новой экономической ассоциации. № 2. 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