voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2023-4-135-150voprecotest-4207Research ArticleДИСКУССИОННЫЙ КЛУБDEBATING SOCIETYПредоставление научными журналами общественно полезных услуг должно финансироваться государствомSocially useful services of scientific journals should be funded by the statehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5612-3999ДементьевВ. Е.DementievV. E.

Дементьев Виктор Евгеньевич, чл.-корреспондент РАН, доктор экономических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник ЦЭМИ РАН

Victor E. Dementiev

Moscow

vedementev@rambler.ruЦентральный экономико-математический институт Российской академии наукРоссияCentral Economics and Mathematics Institute, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation20230504202304135150Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20232023Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/4207

В статье показано, что доля фундаментальных исследований, осуществляемых бизнесом, меняется во времени, но остается значительной. Как следствие, не все фундаментальные знания представляют собой общественное благо. Неравномерность накопления знаний, изменение структуры исследований и разработок выделены в качестве дополнительных факторов, влияющих на публикационные показатели научной сферы. Чем ближе исследования к предконкурентной стадии, тем меньше шансов, что обретаемые знания будут опубликованы в научных журналах. Установка на постоянное наращивание числа публикаций в академических журналах не соответствует природе реального процесса накопления фундаментальных знаний, не учитывает значимую роль бизнеса в нем. Существенное влияние на этот процесс оказывают выполняемые научными журналами функции, включая экспертный анализ поступающих материалов и рекомендации авторам. Вопрос о государственном финансировании научных журналов должен решаться с учетом того, что их деятельность — не просто обслуживание авторов статей, но и оказание важной услуги всему обществу. Оплата труда рецензентов будет способствовать повышению качества этой услуги.

The article shows that the share of fundamental research carried out by business varies over time, but remains significant. As a consequence, not all fundamental knowledge is a public good. The uneven accumulation of knowledge, changes in the structure of research and development are highlighted as additional factors affecting publication indicators of the scientific sphere. The closer the research approaches the pre-competitive stage, the less likely it is that the knowledge obtained will be published in scientific journals. The policy of constantly increasing the number of publications in academic journals does not correspond to the nature of the real process of accumulation of fundamental knowledge, does not take into account a very important role of business in this process. The functions performed by scientific journals, including expert analysis of incoming materials and recommendations to the authors, also significantly effect this process. The issue of state funding of scientific journals should be resolved taking into account the fact that their activities are not just servicing the authors of articles, but providing an important service to the whole society. Remuneration of reviewers will contribute to improving the quality of this service.

научные журналынаукометрияфундаментальные исследованияобщественные благарецензированиефинансирование журналовscientific journalsscientometricsfundamental researchpublic goodspeer reviewfunding of journalsReferencesБалацкий Е. В. (2011). Роль академических журналов: период неопределенности // Журнал Новой экономической ассоциации. № 12. С. 164—166.Balatsky E. V. (2011). The role of academic journals: A period of uncertainty. Journal of the New Economic Association, No. 12, pp. 164—166. (In Russian).Балацкий Е. В., Екимова Н. А. (2022). Рынок российских экономических журналов в условиях международной изоляции // Управленец. Т. 13, № 4. С. 15—25. https://doi.org/10.29141/2218-5003-2022-13-4-2Balatsky E. V., Ekimova N. A. (2022). The Russian economic journals market amid international isolation. Upravlenets/The Manager, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 15—25. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.29141/2218-5003-2022-13-4-2Гуреев В. Н., Мазов Н. А., Метелкин Д. В. (2022). О некоторых причинах перехода российских авторов в зарубежные журналы // Управление наукой: теория и практика. Т. 4, № 3. С. 20—34. https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2022.4.3.2Gureev V. N., Mazov N. A., Metelkin D. V. (2022). Some reasons for the Russian authors transition to foreign journals. Science Management: Theory and Practice, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 20—34. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2022.4.3.2Демиденко С. Ю. (2022). Организационно-управленческие проблемы функционирования научных журналов РАН // Управление наукой: теория и практика. Т. 4, № 2. С. 52—59. https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2022.4.2.5Demidenko S. Y. (2022). Organizational and managerial problems of the functioning of academic journals of the RAS. Science Management: Theory and Practice, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 52—59. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2022.4.2.5Иваницкий Г. Р. (2000). Новый старт или последний финиш? // Вестник Российской академии наук. Т. 70, № 3. С. 203—213. [Ivanitsky G. R. (2000). A new start or the last finish? Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vol. 70, No. 3, pp. 203—213. (In Russian).Клейнер Г. Б. (2011). Миссия академического журнала: между фундаментальностью и актуальностью // Журнал Новой экономической ассоциации. № 12. С. 171—173.Kleiner G. B. (2011). The mission of an academic journal: Between fundamental approach and topicality. Journal of the New Economic Association, No. 12, pp. 171—173. (In Russian).Либман А. М. (2011). Журналы — инструмент отбора в экономической науке // Журнал Новой экономической ассоциации. № 12. С. 174—177.Libman A. M. (2011). Journals as a selection tool in economics. Journal of the New Economic Association, No. 12, pp. 174—177. (In Russian).Макаров В. Л. (2003). Экономика знаний: уроки для России // Вестник Российской академии наук. Т. 75, № 5. С. 450.Makarov V. L. (2003). Economics of knowledge: Lessons for Russia. Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vol. 75, No. 5, p. 450. (In Russian).Минакир П. А. (2021). Исследовательские результаты и библиометрика: антагонистично ли противоречие? // Журнал Новой экономической ассоциации. Т. 50, № 2. С. 183—190.https://doi.org/10.31737/2221-2264-202150-2-10Minakir P. A. (2021). Research results and bibliometrics: Is a contradiction antagonistic? Journal of the New Economic Association, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 183—190. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.31737/2221-2264-202150-2-10Полтерович В. М. (2011). Миссия экономического журнала и институт рецензирования // Журнал Новой экономической ассоциации. № 12. С. 194—197.Polterovich V. M. (2011). The mission of an economic journal and the institution of refereeing. Journal of the New Economic Association, No. 12, pp. 194—197. (In Russian).Полтерович В. М. (2022). Библиометрическое равновесие // Вестник Российской академии наук. Т. 92, № 5. С. 431—439. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869587322050127Polterovich V. M. (2022). Bibliometric equilibrium. Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vol. 92, No. 5, pp. 431—439. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869587322050127Рубинштейн А. Я. (2022). Патерналистское государство, академическая наука и научные журналы: теоретические заметки // Вопросы экономики. № 9. С. 139—157. https:// doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2022-9-139-157Rubinstein A. Y. (2022). Paternalistic state: Academic science and scientific journals. Voprosy Ekonomiki, No. 9, pp. 139—157. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2022-9-139-157Рубинштейн А. Я., Бураков Н. А. (2022). Экономическая наука и публикационная активность в патерналистском государстве // Управленец. Т. 13, № 4. С. 3—14. https://doi.org/10.29141/2218-5003-2022-13-4-1Rubinstein A. Y., Burakov N. A. (2022). Economic science and publication activity in a paternalistic state. Upravlenets/The Manager, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 3—14. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.29141/2218-5003-2022-13-4-1Щербин В. (2010). Научные знания: товар или общественное благо? // Наука и инновации. № 91. С. 66—69.Shcherbin V. (2010). Scientific knowledge: A commodity or a public good? Science and Innovation, No. 91, pp. 66—69. (In Russian).Altbach P. G. (2017). Anarchy and exploitation in scientific communication. Higher Education in Russia and Beyond, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 6—7. https://doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2018.92.10273Altbach P. G. (2017). Anarchy and exploitation in scientific communication. Higher Education in Russia and Beyond, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 6—7. https://doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2018.92.10273Arora A., Belenzon S., Patacconi A., Suh J. (2020). The changing structure of American innovation: Some cautionary remarks for economic growth. Innovation Policy and the Economy, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 39—93. https://doi.org/10.1086/705638Arora A., Belenzon S., Patacconi A., Suh J. (2020). The changing structure of American innovation: Some cautionary remarks for economic growth. Innovation Policy and the Economy, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 39—93. https://doi.org/10.1086/705638Arora A., Belenzon S., Sheer L. (2021a). Knowledge spillovers and corporate investment in scientific research. American Economic Review, Vol. 111, No. 3, pp. 871—898. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20171742Arora A., Belenzon S., Sheer L. (2021a). Knowledge spillovers and corporate investment in scientific research. American Economic Review, Vol. 111, No. 3, pp. 871—898. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20171742Arora A., Belenzon S., Kosenko K., Suh J., Yafeh Y. (2021b). The rise of scientific research in corporate America. NBER Working Paper, No. w29260. https://doi.org/10.3386/w29260Arora A., Belenzon S., Kosenko K., Suh J., Yafeh Y. (2021b). The rise of scientific research in corporate America. NBER Working Paper, No. w29260. https://doi.org/10.3386/w29260Azoulay P. (2002). Do pharmaceutical sales respond to scientific evidence? Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 551—594. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.2002.00551.xAzoulay P. (2002). Do pharmaceutical sales respond to scientific evidence? Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 551—594. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.2002.00551.xBloom N., Schankerman M., Van Reenen J. (2013). Identifying technology spillovers and product market rivalry. Econometrica, Vol. 81, No. 4, pp. 1347—1393. https:// doi.org/10.3982/ECTA9466Bloom N., Schankerman M., Van Reenen J. (2013). Identifying technology spillovers and product market rivalry. Econometrica, Vol. 81, No. 4, pp. 1347—1393. https:// doi.org/10.3982/ECTA9466Boulton G. S. (2021). Science as a global public good. International Science Council Position Paper, November.Boulton G. S. (2021). Science as a global public good. International Science Council Position Paper, November.Callon M. (1994). Is science a public good? Science, Technology and Human Values, Vol. 19, No. 4, рp. 395—424. https://doi.org/10.1177/016224399401900401Callon M. (1994). Is science a public good? Science, Technology and Human Values, Vol. 19, No. 4, рp. 395—424. https://doi.org/10.1177/016224399401900401Demsetz H. (1970). The private production of public goods. Journal of Law & Economics, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 293—306. https://doi.org/10.1086/466695Demsetz H. (1970). The private production of public goods. Journal of Law & Economics, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 293—306. https://doi.org/10.1086/466695Drucker P. F. (1993). Post-capitalist society. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.Drucker P. F. (1993). Post-capitalist society. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.Edler J., Blind K., Frietsch R., Kimpeler S., Kroll H., Lerch C., Reiss T., Roth F., Schubert T., Schuler J., Walz R. (2020). Technology sovereignty: From demand to concept. Karlsruhe: Fraunhofer ISI.Edler J., Blind K., Frietsch R., Kimpeler S., Kroll H., Lerch C., Reiss T., Roth F., Schubert T., Schuler J., Walz R. (2020). Technology sovereignty: From demand to concept. Karlsruhe: Fraunhofer ISI.Filippetti A., Archibugi D. (2015). The globalization of intellectual property rights. In: D. Archibugi, A. Filippetti (eds.). The handbook of global science, technology, and innovation. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 419—442. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118739044.ch20Filippetti A., Archibugi D. (2015). The globalization of intellectual property rights. In: D. Archibugi, A. Filippetti (eds.). The handbook of global science, technology, and innovation. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 419—442. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118739044.ch20Friedlander A., Bessette R. S. (2003). The implications of information technology for scientific journal publishing: A literature review. Washington, DC: National Science Foundation.Friedlander A., Bessette R. S. (2003). The implications of information technology for scientific journal publishing: A literature review. Washington, DC: National Science Foundation.Gokhberg L. (2017). Strategy of an academic journal: Success factors for Foresight and STI Governance. Higher Education in Russia and Beyond, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 19—21.Gokhberg L. (2017). Strategy of an academic journal: Success factors for Foresight and STI Governance. Higher Education in Russia and Beyond, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 19—21.Grudniewicz A. et al. (2019). Predatory journals: No definition, no defence. Nature, No. 576, pp. 210—212. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-03759-yGrudniewicz A. et al. (2019). Predatory journals: No definition, no defence. Nature, No. 576, pp. 210—212. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-03759-yHazelkorn E., Gibson A. (2019). Public goods and public policy: What is public good, and who and what decides? Higher Education, Vol. 78, No. 2, pp. 257—271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-018-0341-3Hazelkorn E., Gibson A. (2019). Public goods and public policy: What is public good, and who and what decides? Higher Education, Vol. 78, No. 2, pp. 257—271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-018-0341-3Heller M. (2008). The gridlock economy: How too much ownership wreck markets, stops innovation, and costs lives. New York: Basic Books.Heller M. (2008). The gridlock economy: How too much ownership wreck markets, stops innovation, and costs lives. New York: Basic Books.Hurd J. M. (2000). The transformation of scientific communication: A model for 2020. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Vol. 51, No. 14, pp. 1279—1283. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4571(2000)9999:9999<::AIDASI1044>3.0.CO;2-1Hurd J. M. (2000). The transformation of scientific communication: A model for 2020. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Vol. 51, No. 14, pp. 1279—1283. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4571(2000)9999:9999<::AIDASI1044>3.0.CO;2-1Kaul I. (2013). Global public goods: A concept for framing the post-2015 agenda? IDOS Discussion Papers, No. 2/2013. German Institute of Development and Sustainability.Kaul I. (2013). Global public goods: A concept for framing the post-2015 agenda? IDOS Discussion Papers, No. 2/2013. German Institute of Development and Sustainability.Lindsey D. (1978). The operation of professional journals in social work. The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 273—298.Lindsey D. (1978). The operation of professional journals in social work. The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 273—298.Marusic M., Marusic A. (2009). The purpose of scientific journals: Small is important. Journal of Teheran University Health Center, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 143—148.Marusic M., Marusic A. (2009). The purpose of scientific journals: Small is important. Journal of Teheran University Health Center, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 143—148.McNutt P. (1999). Public goods & club goods. In: B. Bouckaert, G. de Geest (eds.). Encyclopedia of law and economics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 927—951.McNutt P. (1999). Public goods & club goods. In: B. Bouckaert, G. de Geest (eds.). Encyclopedia of law and economics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 927—951.Polterovich V. M. (2022). Competition, collaboration, and life satisfaction. Part 2. The fundament of leadership — collaborative advantage. Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 42—57. https://doi.org/10.15838/esc.2022.3.81.2Polterovich V. M. (2022). Competition, collaboration, and life satisfaction. Part 2. The fundament of leadership — collaborative advantage. Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 42—57. https://doi.org/10.15838/esc.2022.3.81.2Ramazzotti Р. (2018). Public goods beyond markets. Review of Political Economy, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 573—594. https://doi.org/10.1080/09538259.2018.1495354Ramazzotti Р. (2018). Public goods beyond markets. Review of Political Economy, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 573—594. https://doi.org/10.1080/09538259.2018.1495354Schaffner A. C. (1994). The future of scientific journals: Lessons from the past. Information Technology and Libraries, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 239—247.Schaffner A. C. (1994). The future of scientific journals: Lessons from the past. Information Technology and Libraries, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 239—247.Silver P., Steinman A. D., Polls I. (2010). The role of a discipline-specific journal in scientific discovery. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 1—11. https://doi.org/10.1899/09-156.1Silver P., Steinman A. D., Polls I. (2010). The role of a discipline-specific journal in scientific discovery. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 1—11. https://doi.org/10.1899/09-156.1Solomon D. J. (2007). The role of peer review for scholarly journals in the information age. Journal of Electronic Publishing. Vol. 10, No. 1. https://doi.org/10.3998/3336451.0010.107Solomon D. J. (2007). The role of peer review for scholarly journals in the information age. Journal of Electronic Publishing. Vol. 10, No. 1. https://doi.org/10.3998/3336451.0010.107Stehr N. (2020). Knowledge as a public good and knowledge as a commodity. Epistemology & Philosophy of Science, Vol. 57, No. 4, pp. 40—51. https://doi.org/10.5840/eps202057455Stehr N. (2020). Knowledge as a public good and knowledge as a commodity. Epistemology & Philosophy of Science, Vol. 57, No. 4, pp. 40—51. https://doi.org/10.5840/eps202057455Stiglitz J. E. (1999). Knowledge as a global public good. In: I. Kaul, I. Grunberg, M. Stern (eds.). Global public goods: International cooperation in the 21st century. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 308—325. https://doi.org/10.1093/0195130529.003.0015Stiglitz J. E. (1999). Knowledge as a global public good. In: I. Kaul, I. Grunberg, M. Stern (eds.). Global public goods: International cooperation in the 21st century. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 308—325. https://doi.org/10.1093/0195130529.003.0015Tobin M. J. (2003). The role of a journal in a scientific controversy. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Vol. 168, No. 5, pp. 511—515. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.2307001Tobin M. J. (2003). The role of a journal in a scientific controversy. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Vol. 168, No. 5, pp. 511—515. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.2307001Verschraegen G., Schiltz М. (2007). Knowledge as a global public good: The role and importance of open access. Societies Without Borders, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 157—174. https://doi.org/101163/187219107X203540Verschraegen G., Schiltz М. (2007). Knowledge as a global public good: The role and importance of open access. Societies Without Borders, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 157—174. https://doi.org/101163/187219107X203540Whitley R. (1970a). The formal communications system of science: A study of the organization of British social journals. Sociological Review, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 163—179. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.1968.tb03155.xWhitley R. (1970a). The formal communications system of science: A study of the organization of British social journals. Sociological Review, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 163—179. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.1968.tb03155.xWhitley R. (1970b). The operation of science journals: Two case studies in British social science. Sociological Review, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 241—258. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.1970.tb00192.xWhitley R. (1970b). The operation of science journals: Two case studies in British social science. Sociological Review, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 241—258. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.1970.tb00192.x

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.