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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2023-3-102-125</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-4168</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕГИОНАЛЬНАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REGIONAL ECONOMY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияют ли новые предприятия на рост занятости в регионах России: кратко- и среднесрочные эффекты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>New firm formation and regional employment in Russia: Direct and indirect effects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-9982</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салимова</surname><given-names>Д. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salimova</surname><given-names>D. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Салимова Дина Ринатовна, младший научный сотрудник Центра пространственной экономики Института прикладных экономических исследований (ИПЭИ) </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dina R. Salimova</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">salimova-dr@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9204-0362</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Царева</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsareva</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Царева Юлия Викторовна, научный сотрудник Международной лаборатории исследования проблем устойчивого развития ИПЭИ </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya V. Tsareva</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tsareva-yv@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1283-0362</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Земцов</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zemtsov</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Земцов Степан Петрович, кандидат географических наук; директор Центра экономической географии и регионалистики ИПЭИ </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stepan P. Zemtsov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zemtsov@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>102</fpage><lpage>125</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/4168">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/4168</self-uri><abstract><p>В кризисных условиях возрастает актуальность исследования факторов роста занятости. Обзор зарубежных исследований и анализ российских данных показывает, что существуют разнонаправленные краткосрочные прямые и среднесрочные косвенные эффекты от создания бизнеса на рост занятости. Значим региональный контекст, а от типа региона зависит превалирование одного эффекта над другим и направление влияния дополнительных факторов: плотности населения, миграционного оттока, занятости с высшим образованием и т.д. Так, для крупных агломераций с высокой производительностью труда и активным сектором малого и среднего предпринимательства (МСП) выявлена S-образная лаговая структура зависимости занятости от создания новых фирм: с краткосрочными положительными, среднесрочными отрицательными и далее положительными эффектами. Для регионов с низкой урбанизацией, производительностью труда и менее активным сектором МСП наиболее ярким является краткосрочное положительное влияние на занятость от открытия фирм, которое спустя 2-3 года сменяется отрицательным. При этом в последних регионах суммарное влияние может быть выше, чем в первых, а в среднем новая фирма (на 1000 чел. рабочей силы) приводит к росту занятости на 0.51 п.п. Это дает основания для выработки некоторых политических рекомендаций.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Studies of employment growth factors are more relevant during crises. Review of foreign studies and analysis of Russian data in 2005—2018 using a distributed lag model based on the Almon method shows that there are multidirectional short-term direct and longer-term indirect effects of starting a business on employment growth. The regional context is important; and the prevalence of one effect over another and the direction of influence of additional factors depend on the type of region. Thus; for large agglomerations with high labor productivity and an active SME sector; an S-shaped lag structure of the dependence of employment on the creation of new firms was revealed: with short-term positive; medium-term negative; and further positive effects. For regions with low urbanization; labor productivity and a less active SME sector; the most striking is the short-term positive impact on employment from the opening of firms; which is replaced by a negative one after 2—3 years. At the same time; in the latter regions; the total impact may be higher than in the former; and on average; a new firm (per 1;000 people in the workforce) leads to an increase in employment by 0.56 p.p. This provides grounds for some policy recommendations. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>предпринимательство</kwd><kwd>малый бизнес</kwd><kwd>региональное развитие</kwd><kwd>занятость</kwd><kwd>регионы России</kwd><kwd>модель распределенных лагов Алмон</kwd><kwd>временные лаги</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>entrepreneurship</kwd><kwd>small business</kwd><kwd>regional development</kwd><kwd>employment</kwd><kwd>Russian regions</kwd><kwd>Almon polynomial distributed lag model</kwd><kwd>time lags</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания РАНХиГС.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абрамов А. Е., Аксенов И. В., Радыгин А. Д., Чернова М. И. (2018). 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