<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2018-6-48-70</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-410</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАКРОЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MACROECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Демографические тормоза экономики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Demographic brakes of the economy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вишневский</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vishnevsky</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. э. н., директор Института демографии Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» (НИУ ВШЭ; Москва)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avishnevsky@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербакова</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Scherbakova</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к. э. н., с. н. с. Института демографии НИУ ВШЭ и Института народнохозяйственного прогнозирования РАН (Москва)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">escherbakova@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» (НИУ ВШЭ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» (НИУ ВШЭ); Институт народнохозяйственного прогнозирования РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics; Institute of Economic Forecasting, RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/410">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/410</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматриваются особенности новейшей стадии демографической эволюции России на фоне других стран, находящихся на сходных этапах демографического перехода. Показано, что до недавнего времени долгосрочные демографические тенденции благоприятствовали экономическому развитию России, однако сейчас страна вступает в длительный период неблагоприятных для ее экономики демографических изменений. Прекращение роста населения России, сокращение численности населения в трудоспособном возрасте и его старение, увеличение демографической нагрузки на трудоспособное население будут оказывать тормозящее влияние на развитие экономики и в то же время затруднят решение социальных вопросов, в частности создадут большие проблемы для системы пенсионного обеспечения людей старше трудоспособного возраста. Обсуждается вопрос об использовании миграционного ресурса для смягчения негативных последствий демографических изменений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the features of the newest stage of the demographic evolution of Russia against the backdrop of other countries at similar stages of the demographic transition. It is shown that until recently long-term demographic trends favored Russia’s economic development, but now the country is entering a long period of unfavorable demographic changes for its economy. The cessation of growth of the Russian population, the reduction in the working-age population and its aging, and the increase in the dependency ratio will have a deterrent effect on economic development and at the same time make it more difficult to solve social problems. In particular, these factors will create greater problems for the pension system for people older than working age. The issue of using the migration resource to mitigate the negative consequences of demographic changes is discussed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Россия</kwd><kwd>рост населения</kwd><kwd>естественный прирост</kwd><kwd>миграционный прирост</kwd><kwd>старение населения</kwd><kwd>старение трудовых ресурсов</kwd><kwd>возраст выхода на пенсию</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Russia</kwd><kwd>population growth</kwd><kwd>natural increase</kwd><kwd>net migration</kwd><kwd>population aging</kwd><kwd>aging of labor force</kwd><kwd>retirement age</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вишневский А. Г. (1970). Экономические последствия старения трудоспособного населения // Демографические тетради. Вып. 2-3. C. 98-111. Киев: Ин-т экономики АН УССР</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vishnevsky A. G. (1970). Economic consequences of aging of the working-age population. Demograficheskie Tetradi, No. 2—3, pp. 98—111. Kiev: Institute of Economics, The Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вишневский А. Г. (2005). Население и производство // Избранные демографические труды в двух томах. М.: Наука. Т. 2. C. 5-87</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vishnevsky A. G. (2005). Population and production. In: Selected demographic works in two vols. Moscow: Nauka, Vol. 2, pp. 5—87. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вишневский А. Г. (2014). Смертность в России: несостоявшаяся вторая эпидемиологическая революция // Демографическое обозрение. № 4. C. 6-40</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vishnevsky A. G. (2015). Mortality in Russia: The second epidemiological revolution that never was. Demographic Review, English selection, pp. 4—33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Всемирный банк (2015). В поисках нового «серебряного века» в России: факторы и последствия старения населения: Обзорный доклад. Вашингтон</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Bank (2015). Searching for a new silver age in Russia: The drivers and impacts of population aging. Overview report. Washington, DC.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aiyar S., Ebeke C., Shao X. (2016). The impact of workforce aging on European productivity. IMF Working Paper, No. WP/16/238/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aiyar S., Ebeke C., Shao X. (2016). The impact of workforce aging on European productivity. IMF Working Paper, No. WP/16/238/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Becker G. S., Glaeser E. L., Murphy K. M. (1999). Population and economic growth. American Economic Review, Vol. 89, No. 2, pp. 145-149.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Becker G. S., Glaeser E. L., Murphy K. M. (1999). Population and economic growth. American Economic Review, Vol. 89, No. 2, pp. 145-149.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dixon S. (2003). Implications of population ageing for the labour market. Labour Market Trends, February, pp. 67-76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dixon S. (2003). Implications of population ageing for the labour market. Labour Market Trends, February, pp. 67-76.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">GBD (2016). Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990-2015: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">GBD (2016). Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990-2015: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lancet, Vol. 388, No. 10053, pp. 1603-1658.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lancet, Vol. 388, No. 10053, pp. 1603-1658.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuznets S. (1960). Population change and aggregate output. In: Demographic and economic change in developed countries. National Bureau of Economic Research, pp. 324-351.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuznets S. (1960). Population change and aggregate output. In: Demographic and economic change in developed countries. National Bureau of Economic Research, pp. 324-351.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">OECD/EU (2016). Health at a glance: Europe 2016 - State of health in the EU cycle. Paris: OECD Publ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">OECD/EU (2016). Health at a glance: Europe 2016 - State of health in the EU cycle. Paris: OECD Publ.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">UN DESA (2017). World population prospects: The 2017 revision. New York: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. [DVD edition].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">UN DESA (2017). World population prospects: The 2017 revision. New York: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. [DVD edition].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
