voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2022-8-5-31voprecotest-4087Research ArticleЭКОНОМИКА ТРУДА И СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЫLABOR AND SOCIAL ECONOMICSСоциальная защита в России: развилки будущегоSocial protection in Russia: Choices of the futurehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7266-707XОвчароваЛ. Н.OvcharovaL. N.

Овчарова Лилия Николаевна, д. э. н., проф., проректор, директор

Москва 

Lilia N. Ovcharova

Moscow

lovcharova@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6044-0732СинявскаяО. В.SinyavskayaO. V.

Синявская Оксана Вячеславовна, к. э. н., заместитель директора Института социальной политики

Москва

Oxana V. Sinyavskaya

Moscow

osinyavskaya@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2626-7021БирюковаС. С.BiryukovaS. S.

Бирюкова Светлана Сергеевна, к. э. н., вед. н. с. Центра комплексных исследований социальной политики Института социальной политики

Москва

Svetlana S. Biryukova

Moscow

sbiryukova@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7932-2656ГоринаЕ. А.GorinaE. A.

Горина Елена Александровна, к. э. н., с. н. с. Центра анализа доходов и уровня жизни Института социальной политики

Москва

Elena A. Gorina

Moscow

egorina@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2540-0698НагернякМ. А.NagernyakM. A.

Нагерняк Мария Александровна, зампроректора, директор Дирекции научного центра мирового уровня «Центр междисциплинарных исследований человеческого потенциала»

Москва

Maria A. Nagernyak

Moscow

mnagernyak@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7767-0190ПишнякА. И.PishnyakA. I.

Пишняк Алина Игоревна, к. э. н., заведующий Центром анализа доходов и уровня жизни Института социальной политики 

Москва

Alina I. Pishnyak

Moscow

apishniak@hse.ruНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»РоссияHSE UniversityRussian Federation202204082022085—31Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20222022Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/4087

Роль социальной защиты в поддержке благополучия людей, в снижении бедности и неравенства трудно переоценить в спокойные времена, но особенно ее значение возрастает в периоды кризисов, что подтвердил глобальный шок пандемии COVID‑19. В условиях неопределенности система социальной защиты превращается в «подушку безопасности» — макроэкономический и социально‑политический стабилизатор. На основе анализа основных тенденций в становлении российской системы социальной защиты показаны возможные варианты ее развития в среднесрочной перспективе. Система социальной защиты рассматривается в широком определении, включающем нестраховые меры социальной защиты (социальную помощь), пенсионное обеспечение и страхование, минимальную заработную плату и социальное обслуживание. Обсуждается поворот в социальной защите, связанный с принятием национальных целей развития в 2018 г. Проанализировано, в какой мере пандемия коронавируса повлияла на основные вызовы и проблемы, стоящие перед российской социальной защитой, какими были ключевые решения в сфере антикризисной поддержки населения, как они сказались на показателях бедности и неравенства. Представлены результаты исследований изменения запросов населения к социальной поддержке, а также использования бюджета времени как составляющей комплексной оценки качества жизни населения. Обсуждается, какие уроки можно извлечь из опыта прохождения кризиса, связанного с пандемией, для будущего развития российской социальной защиты, в том числе в условиях возникшей в 2022 г. турбулентности.

The role of social protection in supporting people’s well‑being, reducing poverty and inequality is difficult to overestimate in stable times, but its importance increases especially in times of crisis, as confirmed by the global shock of the COVID‑19 pandemic. Under the conditions of increasing uncertainty, a social protection system turns into a “safety cushion” — a macroeconomic and sociopolitical stabilizer. The purpose of the article is to show, based on the analysis of the main trends in the development of the Russian social protection system and considering the challenges of the current moment, possible alternative choices in its development in the mid‑term period. Authors use a broad definition of the social protection system, which includes non‑contributory measures of social protection (social assistance), contributory and non‑contributory pensions, minimum wages, and social services (long‑term care). The article contributes to the literature on economics and public administration, which focuses on social policy in times of economic crises. The article discusses the turn in social protection associated with the adoption of the national development goals in 2018. The authors analyze to what extent has the coronavirus pandemic affected the main challenges and problems facing Russian social protection; what were the key decisions in the field of anticrisis support for the population, and how they affected indicators of poverty and inequality. The article also presents recent research results on changes in public attitudes toward social protection as well as issues of using the time‑budget as a component of a comprehensive assessment of the population’s quality of life. In conclusion, the article discusses lessons which can be learned from the experience of the pandemic‑related crisis for the future development of the Russian social protection system, including in the conditions of turbulence that have arisen in 2022.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.