voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2022-6-5-25voprecotest-4038Research ArticleЭКОНОМИКА ОТРАСЛЕВЫХ РЫНКОВINDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONРоссийская промышленная политика в условиях трансформации системы мирового производства и жестких ограниченийRussian industrial policy in the context of global production system transformation and severe constraintshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3015-3668СимачевЮ. В.SimachevYu. V.

Симачев Юрий Вячеславович, к. т. н., проф., директор по экономической политике, директор Центра исследований структурной политики

Москва

Yury V. Simachev

Moscow

yusimachev@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2405-8106ФедюнинаА. А.FedyuninaA. A.

Федюнина Анна Андреевна, к. э. н., замдиректора Центра исследований структурной политики

Москва

Anna A. Fedyunina

Moscow

afedyunina@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2971-6718КузыкМ. Г.KuzykM. G.

Кузык Михаил Георгиевич, к. э. н., замдиректора Центра исследований структурной политики

Москва

Mikhail G. Kuzyk

Moscow

mkuzyk@hse.ruНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»РоссияHSE UniversityRussian Federation20220906202206525Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20222022Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/4038

В России промышленная политика как инструмент прогрессивных структурных изменений в экономике привлекает внимание политиков и экспертов на протяжении уже 30 лет. В последнее десятилетие и в развитых странах отношение к промышленной политике в условиях усиления глобальной конкуренции, изменения позиций стран в мировой торговле и трансформации глобальных цепочек создания стоимости стало более прагматичным и позитивным. В то же время сами подходы к промышленной политике в мире существенно изменились вследствие сдвигов в организации глобального производства. Это формирует новый запрос на российскую промышленную политику, особенно в условиях ужесточающихся финансовых и временных ограничений. Выделены ключевые структурные ограничения российской экономики, которые необходимо принимать во внимание для определения промышленной политики: фрагментарность участия России в мировой торговле, низкое товарное разнообразие экспорта, географическая концентрация экспортных и импортных связей, неразвитые нисходящие связи, слабая роль малого и среднего бизнеса в цепочках создания стоимости. Исходя из важности сохранения интеграции российской экономики в мирохозяйственную систему для обеспечения ее конкурентоспособности, обсуждаются возможные траектории репозиционирования в глобальных производственных связях. В новых условиях выделяется несколько принципов реализации российской промышленной политики, среди них: обеспечение гибкости, вариативности решений и поощрение инициативы снизу; специализация с учетом особенностей производственной организации различных секторов российской экономики; выстраивание системы формирования решений, нацеленной на перспективу, и преодоление неэффективных локальных равновесий в экономике.

Russian industrial policy as an instrument of progressive structural changes has been attracting the attention of politicians and experts for three decades. In the last decade, the attitude of developed countries toward industrial policy in the context of increased global competition, countries’ repositioninig in world trade and transformation of global value chains has become more pragmatic and positive. Simultaneously, the approaches to industrial policy in the world have changed significantly due to shifts in the organization of global production. This defines a new demand for Russian industrial policy, especially in the context of tightening financial and time constraints. We identify key structural constraints of the Russian economy that must be taken into account to define industrial policy, including: fragmented participation of Russia in global trade, low commodity diversity of exports, geographic concentration of export and import flows, underdeveloped backward linkages, weak role of small and medium sized enterprises in value chains. We support the importance of maintaining integration of the Russian economy in the world economic system to ensure its competitiveness and discuss possible trajectories of re-positioning in global economic relations. Under new conditions several principles of implementation of Russian industrial policy are singled out, including flexibility, variability of solutions and encouragement of grass-roots initiative, specialization that takes into account specific features of production organization of various sectors of the Russian economy, building a system of decision-making aimed at the future and overcoming inefficient local equilibria in the economy.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.