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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2022-9-93-108</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-3835</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИКА ИННОВАЦИЙ И ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО ПРОГРЕССА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECONOMICS OF INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние антитраста на инновационное развитие при различных уровнях защиты интеллектуальной собственности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of antitrust on innovative development with a different degree of intellectual property protection</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5402-8023</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Морозов Антон Николаевич, н. с. кафедры конкурентной и промышленной политики экономического факультета МГУ, м. н. с. Центра исследований конкуренции и экономического регулирования РАНХиГС.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton N. Morozov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">morozov-an@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова; Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University; Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>93</fpage><lpage>108</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/3835">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/3835</self-uri><abstract><p>Институт интеллектуальной собственности (ИС) нередко именуется «легальной монополией», цель которой — стимулировать инновационную активность авторов и изобретателей. В таком контексте усиление антимонопольного регулирования всегда должно иметь негативный эффект для инновационной отрасли, поскольку оно направлено на ограничение прибыли компаний, а значит, при прочих равных, снижает стимулы к инновациям. Показано, при каких условиях это утверждение может быть справедливо, а при каких, напротив, усиление антимонопольного регулирования приводит к росту инновационного выпуска. На основе межстрановых данных получена эмпирическая оценка взаимного влияния действенности антимонопольного регулирования и степени защиты прав интеллектуальной собственности на эффективность функционирования инновационного сектора и экономики в целом. В качестве показателя относительной эффективности рассматривается близость к границе производственных возможностей, определяемая методом стохастической границы. В результате подтверждается гипотеза о комплементарном характере влияния обеих мер: усиление одной дает положительный результат только при сильной другой. Комплементарный характер данных мер может быть связан с тем, что в условиях слабой защиты прав ИС правообладатели более активно применяют альтернативные механизмы спецификации собственности, которые подразумевают использование спорных с точки зрения антимонопольного законодательства деловых практик. В этой ситуации усиление строгости антимонопольного регулирования повышает издержки применения таких практик, что снижает эффективность функционирования института ИС и выпуск в инновационной отрасли. Обосновано наличие исключений для результатов интеллектуальной деятельности в антимонопольном законодательстве для стран с низким уровнем защиты прав ИС, но по мере усиления действенности института защиты ИС такие исключения могут быть отменены. Полученный результат также показывает, что представление об ИС как о «легальной монополии» чрезмерно упрощено, что может приводить к возникновению рисков ошибок правоприменения (наказание невиновного).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Intellectual property is often referred to as a “legal monopoly”, which should stimulate the innovative activity of authors and inventors. In this formulation, increased antitrust regulation should always have a negative effect on the innovation industry, since it is aimed at reducing the companies’ profits, and therefore, other things being equal, reducing the innovation incentives. The paper reveals the conditions under which this statement can be true, and under which, on the contrary, the strengthening of antimonopoly regulation leads to an increase in innovative output. Using cross-country data, an empirical assessment of the mutual influence of the effectiveness of antimonopoly regulation and the degree of protection of intellectual property rights on the efficiency of the innovation sector and the economy are obtained. As an indicator of relative efficiency the paper considers the proximity to the production possibilities frontier, determined by the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) method. As a result, the hypothesis for the complementary nature of the influence of both policies is confirmed: the strengthening of one gives a positive result only when the other is strong. The complementary nature of policies can be related to the following aspects. In the context of weak IP right protection, right holders are extensively using alternative mechanisms for the specification of property rights, which includes business practices that are controversial from the antitrust point of view. In such a case, strengthening the severity of antimonopoly regulation increases the costs of such practices and ultimately reduces the effectiveness of the intellectual property protection reducing output in the innovation industry. This result justifies the existence of exceptions for the IP owners, which could be present in the antimonopoly legislation in countries with a low level of IP rights protection. But as the effectiveness of the IP rights protection becomes stronger, such exceptions can be canceled. This result also shows that the notion of IP as a “legal monopoly” is overly simplistic and can lead to risks of Type I enforcement errors (punishing the innocent).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антимонопольное регулирование</kwd><kwd>интеллектуальная собственность</kwd><kwd>институциональная среда</kwd><kwd>инновационный выпуск</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antitrust</kwd><kwd>intellectual property</kwd><kwd>institutional environment</kwd><kwd>innovative output</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках научно-исследовательской работы государственного задания РАНХиГС.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волков А. Ю., Радченко Т. А., Банникова (Сухорукова) К. А. (2019a). 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