voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2021-11-151-159voprecotest-3726Research ArticleПАМЯТИ УЧЕНОГОIN MEMORY OF THE SCIENTISTЯнош Корнаи и его знаменательные работыJános Kornai and his memorable workhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7015-5612КолодкоГ. В.KolodkoG. W.

Колодко Гжегож Витольд, профессор, иностранный член Российской академии наук, директор TIGER — Transformation, Integration and Globalization Economic Research

Варшава

Grzegorz W. Kolodko

Warsaw

 

kolodko@tiger.edu.plУниверситет КозьминскогоПольшаTIGER — Transformation, Integration and Globalization Economic Research, Kozminski UniversityPoland202104112021011151159Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20212021Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/3726

Янош Корнаи был самым выдающимся экономистом социалистического и постсоциалистического лагеря за последние 50 лет. Он был всемирно известным ученым, оставившим после себя огромное наследие в виде работ, опубликованных более чем на 20 языках. Его теория системного неравновесия в централизованном плановом хозяйстве, концепция жестких и мягких бюджетных ограничений и дефицита имели революционное значение для научного толкования процессов производства, распределения и накопления капитала в социалистической экономике. Также следует отметить работу автора по политической экономии социализма. При анализе социалистической системы Корнаи в основном придерживался дескриптивного подхода, а в работах, опубликованных после 1989 г., он сосредоточил свое внимание на теории нормативной экономики, предлагая направления структурных реформ, институционального строительства и экономической политики при переходе от социализма к капитализму. Огромное значение имеет и последняя книга Корнаи, в которой он сравнивает неравновесие, характеризующееся дефицитом при социализме, с неравновесием, характерным для избытка при капитализме. В статье анализируются эволюция теоретической мысли Корнаи и ее влияние на реальные экономические процессы. Также предложены полемические комментарии по поводу толкования экономических и социальных процессов, происходящих в Китае.

János Kornai was the most outstanding economist of socialist and postsocialist countries in the last fifty years. He was a world-renowned scholar who left behind an immense legacy of works published in over twenty languages. His theory of systemic disequilibrium in a centrally planned economy, concept of hard and soft budget constraints and the economics of shortage were of revolutionary importance to the scientific interpretation of the processes of production, distribution and capital accumulation in state socialist economies. Also of note is the author’s work on political economy of socialism, which he taught at the Harvard University. When analysing the socialist system Kornai essentially contented himself with a descriptive approach, whereas in works published post-1989 he focused his attention on normative economics suggesting directions of structural reform, institution-building and economic policy in post-socialist transition. Of great importance is also Kornai’s last book comparing the disequilibrium characterised by shortage in socialism with the disequilibrium typical of the surplus in capitalism. The article analyses the evolution of this outstanding economist’s theoretical thought and its impact on real economic processes. Polemic comments are also made on the interpretation of economic and social processes taking place in China.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.