voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2018-1-104-127voprecotest-372Research ArticleЭКОНОМИКА ТРУДА И СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЫLABOR AND SOCIAL ECONOMICSГде пролегает «черта бедности» в России?Locating the “poverty threshold” in RussiaСлободенюкЕ. Д.SlobodenyukE. D.

к.  с.  н., научный сотрудник Центра стратификационных исследований Института социальной политики Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» (НИУ ВШЭ, Москва)

eslobodenyuk@hse.ruАникинВ. А.AnikinV. A.

к.  э.  н., доцент Факультета экономических наук, старший научный сотрудник Центра стратификационных исследований Института социальной политики НИУ ВШЭ; старший научный сотрудник Института социологии Федерального научноисследовательского социологического центра Российской академии наук (Москва)

vanikin@hse.ruНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» (НИУ ВШЭ)РоссияNational Research University Higher School of EconomicsRussian Federation20182001201801104127Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20182018Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/372

В статье рассматриваются проблемы относительной «черты бедности» и границы высоких рисков бедности, выявления факторов бедности в современной России. Сравнительно новый относительный подход к бедности применим и в России, однако при установлении относительной черты бедности на уровне 0,5 и 0,75 медианы среднедушевых доходов выделяются иные по специфике группы бедных, нежели при классическом абсолютном подходе, основанном на сопоставлении доходов с величиной прожиточного минимума. В случае 0,5 медианы в России выделяется глубокая бедность, связанная преимущественно с незанятостью трудоспособного населения, а при использовании 0,75 медианных доходов - бедность пожилых, выпадающих из поля зрения государственной статистики после доведения размеров пенсий до уровня прожиточного минимума. Показано, что в определении относительной бедности «плохие» рабочие места более значимы, чем «плохой» человеческий капитал. Абсолютная бедность, напротив, больше зависит от человеческого капитала и локальных рынков труда.

The present paper focuses on identification of relative “poverty line” and a threshold of high poverty risks. The paper also studies key poverty factors in contemporary Russia. It demonstrates that the relative approach to poverty which is widely used in Western countries is applicable in Russia too. However, the relative poverty thresholds set at 0.5 and 0.75 medians per capita family income identify quite different groups of the poor. The threshold of 0.5 median income indicates deep poverty happened mostly to the unemployed workforce. The relative poverty threshold equal to 0.75 median income identifies the poverty of the elderly who are not considered as the poor by the absolute approach because pensions of Russians have been recently equalized to the subsistence level. Above all, the paper provides econometric estimates of socio-economic determinants of both absolute and relative poverty. It was revealed that the relative deep poverty of the working population was primarily caused by “bad” jobs rather than by “bad” human capital. Absolute poverty of workers is more or less determined by both factors.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.