<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2022-1-72-89</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-3697</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИКА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возможности и риски политики климатического регулирования в России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Opportunities and risks of the climate policy in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8515-3257</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Порфирьев</surname><given-names>Б. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Porfiriev</surname><given-names>B. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Порфирьев Борис Николаевич, академик РАН, д.э.н., научный руководитель ИНП РАН</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris N. Porfiriev</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">b_porfiriev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0806-9777</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Широв</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shirov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Широв  Александр  Александрович, чл.-корр. РАН, д.э.н., директор ИНП РАН</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Shirov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">schir@ecfor.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4812-4582</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колпаков</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolpakov</surname><given-names>A. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колпаков Андрей Юрьевич, к. э. н., с. н. с</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey Y. Kolpakov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kolpakov@ecfor.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5838-5332</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Единак</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Edinak</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Единак Екатерина Александровна, к. э. н., с. н. с.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Edinak</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">edinak_e@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт народнохозяйственного прогнозирования РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>72</fpage><lpage>89</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/3697">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/3697</self-uri><abstract><p>Климатическая повестка содержит значительную экономическую составляющую. Это связано, с одной стороны, с эффектами воздействия изменений климата на экономику и необходимостью затрат на планирование и реализацию мер адаптации к ним, а с другой — с требованиями к структурной и технологической модернизации экономики, направленной на повышение ее конкурентоспособности и устойчивости социально-экономического развития, включая снижение техногенной эмиссии парниковых газов и увеличение способности экосистем поглощать углерод. Это подразумевает гармонизацию эколого-климатических, социально-экономических и технологических характеристик для обоснования эффективной национальной стратегии социально-экономического развития с низким уровнем эмиссии парниковых газов (ее разработка и реализация предусмотрены Парижским соглашением по климату). Решение данной задачи требует комплексной оценки влияния внедрения новых низкоуглеродных технологий на экономическую динамику в рамках макроструктурных расчетов на базе сценариев экономического развития России, отличающихся объемом инвестиций в декарбонизацию. Показано, что наиболее эффективна группа так называемых умеренных сценариев, обеспечивающих наряду со снижением эмиссии парниковых газов темпы экономического роста выше среднемировых. Более амбициозные сценарии сопряжены с рисками замедления темпов роста ВВП из-за значительного объема дополнительных инвестиций, сдерживающих динамику потребления домашних хозяйств. Обоснованы ключевая роль поглощающей способности экосистем России в реализации стратегии социально экономического развития с низким уровнем эмиссии парниковых газов и необходимость мер повышения эффективности землепользования и ресурсов лесного хозяйства, включая качественное развитие научных исследований в этой области и национальной системы мониторинга.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The climate agenda involves significant economic dimension and component. This is precipitated, on the one hand, by the climate change impact on the economy and its implications for economic development that necessitate costs for planning and implementing adaptation measures, and, on the other hand, by the imperatives of structural and technological modernization of the economy to strengthen its competitiveness and sustainability of socio-economic development including reduction of industrial greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and increasing the ecosystems’ carbon sink capacity. The above implies harmonization of ecological, climatic, socio-economic, and technological characteristics to produce an effective national low GHG emissions socio-economic development strategy required by the Paris Climate Agreement. This in turn calls for comprehensive assessment of the impact produced by new low-carbon technologies on economic dynamics using the framework of macrostructural calculations and scenarios of economic development of Russia with different volumes of funding invested in decarbonization. It is argued that the most efficient is a group of so-called moderate scenarios that provide for both GHG reduction and economic growth rates above the global average. More ambitious scenarios involve risks of slowing GDP growth given weighty additional investment which constrains the dynamics of household consumption. The key role of the Russian ecosystems capacity to absorb and sequester carbon in implementation of the low GHG emissions socio-economic development strategy is substantiated and the imperative for the complex of measures to improve the efficiency of land use and forestry resources (LULUCF), primarily the quality of R&amp;D and the national monitoring system development, is emphasized.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>климатическая политика</kwd><kwd>парниковые газы</kwd><kwd>Парижское соглашение</kwd><kwd>экономический рост</kwd><kwd>структурные сдвиги</kwd><kwd>макроструктурные модели</kwd><kwd>инвестиции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>climate policy</kwd><kwd>greenhouse gases (GHG)</kwd><kwd>Paris Agreement</kwd><kwd>economic growth</kwd><kwd>LULUCF</kwd><kwd>structural shifts</kwd><kwd>macrostructural models</kwd><kwd>investments</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения гранта, предоставленного в форме субсидии на проведение крупных научных проектов по приоритетным направлениям научнотехнологического развития в рамках подпрограммы «Фундаментальные научные исследования для долгосрочного развития и обеспечения конкурентоспособности общества и государства» государственной программы Российской Федерации «Научно-технологическое развитие Российской Федерации», проект «Социально-экономическое развитие Азиатской России на основе синергии транспортной доступности, системных знаний о природно-ресурсном потенциале, расширяющегося пространства межрегиональных взаимодействий», номер соглашения с Министерством науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации № 075-15-2020-804 (внутренний номер гранта № 13.1902.21.0016).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (grant No. 075-15-2020-804/13.1902.21.0016).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гайда И., Доброславский Н., Ляшик Ю., Данеева Ю., Мельников Ю. (2021). Европейский механизм пограничной углеродной корректировки — ключевые вопросы и влияние на Россию. М.: Центр энергетики Московской школы управления СКОЛКОВО.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaida I., Dobroslavsky N., Lyashik Y., Daneeva Y., Melnikov Y. (2021). European Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism — Key issues and impact on Russia. Moscow: SKOLKOVO Energy Centre. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивантер В. В. (ред.) (2017). Структурно-инвестиционная политика в целях обеспечения экономического роста в России. М.: Научный консультант.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanter V. V. (ed.) (2017). Structural and investment policy to ensure economic growth in Russia. Moscow: Nauchny Konsultant. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Леонард М., Пизани-Ферри Ж., Шапиро Дж., Тальяпьетра С., Вольф Г. (2021). Геополитика европейского зеленого курса // Россия в глобальной политике. 17 февраля. https://globalaffairs.ru/articles/geopolitika-zelyonogo-kursa/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leonard M., Pisani-Ferry J., Shapiro J., Tagliapietra S., Wolff G. (2021). Geopolitics of European Green Deal. Russia in Global Affairs, February 17. (In Russian). https://globalaffairs.ru/articles/geopolitika-zelyonogo-kursa/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Порфирьев Б. Н. (2008). Экономика климатических изменений. М.: Наука.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Porfiriev B. N. (2008). Economics of climate change. Moscow: Nauka. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Саяпова А. Р., Широв А. А. (2019). Основы метода «затраты—выпуск»: учебник для вузов. М.: МАКС Пресс.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sayapova A. R., Shirov A. A. (2019). Fundamentals of the input—output approach: A textbook. M.: MAKS Press. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ЦЭНЭФ-XXI (2021). СВАМ. Последствия для российской экономики. М.: Центр энергоэффективности—XXI век.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">CENEf-XXI (2021). CBAM. Impact on the Russian economy. Moscow: Center for Energy Efficiency—XXI. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Широв А. А. (ред.) (2020). Посткризисное восстановление экономики и основные направления прогноза социально-экономического развития России на период до 2035 г. М.: Наука. https://doi.org/10.47711/sr1-2020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shirov A. A. (ed.) (2020). Post-crisis economic recovery and the main directions of forecasting the socio-economic development of Russia for the period up to 2035. Moscow: Nauka. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.47711/sr1-2020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">European Commission (2020). Stepping up Europe’s 2030 climate ambition: Investing in a climate-neutral future for the benefit of our people. Communication COM/2020/562.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">European Commission (2020). Stepping up Europe’s 2030 climate ambition: Investing in a climate-neutral future for the benefit of our people. Communication COM/2020/562.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferroukhi R., Casals X. G., Parajuli B. (2020). Measuring the socio-economics of transition: Focus on jobs. Abu Dhabi: International Renewable Energy Agency.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferroukhi R., Casals X. G., Parajuli B. (2020). Measuring the socio-economics of transition: Focus on jobs. Abu Dhabi: International Renewable Energy Agency.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IPCC (2021). AR6 climate change 2021: The physical science basis. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">IPCC (2021). AR6 climate change 2021: The physical science basis. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jacobson M. Z., Delucchi, M. A., Bauer Z. A. F., Goodman S. C., Chapman W. E., Cameron M. A., Yachanin A. S. (2017). 100% clean and renewable wind, water, and sunlight all-sector energy roadmaps for 139 countries of the world. Joule, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 108—121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2017.07.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jacobson M. Z., Delucchi, M. A., Bauer Z. A. F., Goodman S. C., Chapman W. E., Cameron M. A., Yachanin A. S. (2017). 100% clean and renewable wind, water, and sunlight all-sector energy roadmaps for 139 countries of the world. Joule, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 108—121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2017.07.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lutz C., Becker L., Kemmler A. (2021). Socioeconomic effects of ambitious climate mitigation policies in Germany. Sustainability, Vol. 13, No. 11, article 6247. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116247</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lutz C., Becker L., Kemmler A. (2021). Socioeconomic effects of ambitious climate mitigation policies in Germany. Sustainability, Vol. 13, No. 11, article 6247. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116247</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Markandya A., Arto I., González-Eguino M., Román M. (2016). Towards a green energy economy? Tracking the employment effects of low-carbon technologies in the European Union. Applied Energy, Vol. 179, pp. 1342—1350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.02.122</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markandya A., Arto I., González-Eguino M., Román M. (2016). Towards a green energy economy? Tracking the employment effects of low-carbon technologies in the European Union. Applied Energy, Vol. 179, pp. 1342—1350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.02.122</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matthews H. S., Weber C., Hendrickson C. T. (2008). Estimating carbon footprints with input—output models. Paper presented at the International Input—Output Meeting on Managing the Environment, Seville, July 9—11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matthews H. S., Weber C., Hendrickson C. T. (2008). Estimating carbon footprints with input—output models. Paper presented at the International Input—Output Meeting on Managing the Environment, Seville, July 9—11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nadel S., Ungar L. (2019). Halfway there: Energy efficiency can cut energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in half by 2050 (Report U1907). Washington, DC: American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nadel S., Ungar L. (2019). Halfway there: Energy efficiency can cut energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in half by 2050 (Report U1907). Washington, DC: American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pacala S., Sokolow R. (2004). Stabilization wedges: Solving the climate problem for the next 50 years with the current technologies. Science, Vol. 305, No. 5686, pp. 968—972. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1100103</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pacala S., Sokolow R. (2004). Stabilization wedges: Solving the climate problem for the next 50 years with the current technologies. Science, Vol. 305, No. 5686, pp. 968—972. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1100103</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Porfiriev B. (2019). Economic dimension of the climate challenge to Russia’s sustainable development. Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vol. 89, No. 2, pp. 134—139. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1019331619020187</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Porfiriev B. (2019). Economic dimension of the climate challenge to Russia’s sustainable development. Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vol. 89, No. 2, pp. 134—139. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1019331619020187</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Potapenko V. V., Shirov A. A. (2021). Forecast of Russian personal consumption expenditures as function of income distribution and relative prices. Studies on Russian Economic Development, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 1—10. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1075700721010111</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Potapenko V. V., Shirov A. A. (2021). Forecast of Russian personal consumption expenditures as function of income distribution and relative prices. Studies on Russian Economic Development, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 1—10. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1075700721010111</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ram M., Aghahosseini A., Breyer C. (2020). Job creation during the global energy transition towards 100% renewable power system by 2050. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 151, No. C, article 119682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.06.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ram M., Aghahosseini A., Breyer C. (2020). Job creation during the global energy transition towards 100% renewable power system by 2050. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 151, No. C, article 119682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.06.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Swiss Re Institute (2021). Natural catastrophes in 2020: Secondary perils in the spotlight, but don’t forget primary-peril risks. Sigma, No. 1/2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Swiss Re Institute (2021). Natural catastrophes in 2020: Secondary perils in the spotlight, but don’t forget primary-peril risks. Sigma, No. 1/2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">UNDRR (2019). Global assessment report on disaster risk reduction. Geneva: United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">UNDRR (2019). Global assessment report on disaster risk reduction. Geneva: United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">UNEP (2021). Adaptation gap report 2020. Nairobi: United Nations Environment Program.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">UNEP (2021). Adaptation gap report 2020. Nairobi: United Nations Environment Program.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wiedmann T. (2009). Editorial: Carbon footprint and input—output analysis—An introduction. Economic Systems Research, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 175—186. https://doi.org/10.1080/09535310903541256</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wiedmann T. (2009). Editorial: Carbon footprint and input—output analysis—An introduction. Economic Systems Research, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 175—186. https://doi.org/10.1080/09535310903541256</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
