voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2021-10-5-26voprecotest-3687Research ArticleМЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ЭКОНОМИКАINTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS«Дефицитфляция» 3.0: экономика военного времени — государственный социализм — кризис на фоне пандемииShortageflation 3.0: War economy — state socialism—pandemic crisishttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7015-5612КолодкоГж. В.KolodkoG. W.

Колодко Гжегож Витольд - профессор, иностранный член Российской академии наук, директор TIGER — Transformation, Integration and Globalization Economic Research.

Варшава

Grzegorz W. Kolodko

Warszawa

kolodko@tiger.edu.plУниверситет КозьминскогоПольшаTIGER — Transformation, Integration and Globalization Economic Research, Kozminski UniversityPoland202110102021010526Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20212021Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/3687

Кризис, вызванный пандемией коронавируса, вынудил правительства и центральные банки разных стран принять чрезвычайные меры для сохранения уровня жизни населения и поддержания производственной и сервисной деятельности компаний. Политика агрессивного увеличения денежной массы повлекла за собой значительный рост бюджетного дефицита и государственного долга. Важно понять масштабы ее влияния на обострение инфляционных процессов и сформулировать предложения для экономической политики. Реальная инфляция уже выше, чем можно предположить, исходя из официальных показателей. Общий рост цен не полностью отражает фактический уровень инфляции. Налицо «дефицитфляция» — одновременное возникновение инфляции цен и подавленной инфляции, сопровождаемой дефицитом. Методологически интересно сравнить текущий феномен (3.0) с подавлением инфляции в экономике военного времени (1.0) и в период государственного социализма (2.0). Такие сравнения помогают оценить не только сходство между этими процессами, но и их различия, обусловленные спецификой реакции населения и предприятий. В статье рассматриваются пять каналов сокращения избыточных сбережений и указаны наиболее выгодные из них с точки зрения обеспечения устойчивого экономического роста в постпандемическом будущем. Особенно важно стимулировать превращение вынужденных сбережений в добровольные одновременно с трансформацией инфляционных денежных резервов в платежеспособный спрос, что позволит расширить использование существующих производственных мощностей и инвестирование в создание новых.

The crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic has prompted governments and central banks to take unorthodox measures aimed at protecting the standard of living of people and sustaining the production and service activities of companies. The policy of aggressively rising the supply of money has entailed a significant increase in the budget deficit and public debt. It is important to consider the extent of its impact on the escalation of inflation processes and to formulate suggestions regarding the economic policy. Inflation is already higher than the official indicators show it, because it is partly suppressed. The increase in the general price level does not fully reflect the actual inflation rate. We are dealing with shortageflation — the simultaneous occurrence of price inflation and repressed inflation accompanied by shortages. It is methodologically interesting to compare this current phenomenon, 3.0, with the suppression of inflation in the war economy, 1.0, and in the economies of state socialism, 2.0. Such comparisons highlight not only the similarities of these processes but also the differences resulting from the specificity of responses of households and businesses. This article discusses five channels of unloading excessive savings, indicating the most beneficial ones from the point of view of sustainable economic development in the post-pandemic future. It is particularly important to prompt the conversion of compulsory savings into voluntary ones and at the same time to stimulate the transformation of inflationary monetary reserves into the effective demand expanding the use of existing production capacities and investments in creating new capacities.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.